EB病毒感染现状常见相关疾病发生于学龄前儿童临床研究

Clinical research on epstein-barr virus infection and common related diseases in preschool children

目的研究学龄前儿童EB病毒感染现状及常见相关疾病。方法随机选取2015年1月~2018年10月我院学龄前儿童25185例,运用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)对其EB病毒壳抗原(VCA)IgM,EB病毒VCA抗体(IgA),EB病毒核抗原(EBNA1)IgG抗体,EB病毒壳抗原(VCA)IgG抗体进行检测。结果25185例学龄前儿童中,共检出阳性例数10144例,其中IgM 442例,IgA 531例,(EBNA1)IgG 4786例,(VCA)IgG 4385例,EB病毒累计感染率、新发感染率分别为48.10%、15.60%,其中男性和女性儿童EB病毒累计感染率、新发感染率之间的差异均无统计学意义(P> 0.05)。<4周、2~5岁(不含2岁)儿童EB病毒累计感染率均显著高于4周~1岁、1~2岁(不含1岁)(P <0.05),4周~1岁、1~2岁(不含1岁)、2~5岁(不含2岁)儿童EB病毒累计感染率及新发感染率逐渐升高,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。春季、夏季、秋季、冬季学龄前儿童EB病毒新发感染率之间的差异均无统计学意义(P> 0.05)。学龄前儿童EB病毒感染主要为上呼吸道感染,占总数的34.60%;其次为肺炎、支气管炎,分别占总数的23.80%、20.80%;再次为传染性单核细胞增多症、淋巴结炎,分别占总数的7.90%、5.10%;之后为溃疡性口腔炎、心肌炎、粒细胞减少、发热,分别占总数的1.20%、1.00%、1.00%、1.00%;最后为腹泻、荨麻疹,分别占总数的0.70%、0.50%。结论学龄前儿童EB病毒感染率高,在学龄前儿童呼吸道感染病原体中,EB病毒占重要地位。家长应该将自身的儿童保健意识提升,将个人卫生监护做好,从而将EB病毒感染率降低到最低限度,学龄前儿童EB病毒感染率高,主要为上呼吸道感染。

Objective To study the status of EB virus infection and common related diseases in preschool children.Methods 25185 preschool children who were admitted in our hospital from January 2015 to October 2018 were randomly selected.Their EB virus capsid antigen(VCA)IgM,EB virus VCA antibody(IgA),EB virus nuclear antigen(EBNA1)IgG antibody and EB virus capsid antigen(VCA)IgG antibody were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Results Among 25185 preschool children,10144 cases were positive,including 442 cases of IgM,531 cases of IgA,(EBNA1)4786 cases of IgG,(VCA)4385 cases of IgG.The cumulative infection rate and new infection rate of EB virus were 48.10% and 15.60% respectively.There was no statistically significant difference between male and female children in the cumulative infection rate and new infection rate of EB virus(P > 0.05).The cumulative infection rates of EB virus in children aged below 4 weeks and 2 to 5 years old(excluding 2 years old) were significantly higher than those in children aged 4 weeks to 1 year and 1 to 2 years old(excluding 1 years old)(P < 0.05).The cumulative infection rate and new infection rate of EB virus in children aged below 4 weeks,4 weeks to 1 year old,1 to 2 years old(excluding 1 years old) and2 to 5 years old(excluding 2 years old) increased gradually,with statistically significant differences(P < 0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in new infection rate of EB virus among preschool children in spring,summer,autumn and winter(P > 0.05).EB virus infection in preschool children were mainly upper respiratory tract infections,accounting for 34.60% of the total,followed by pneumonia and bronchitis,accounting for respectively 23.80% and 20.80%,infectious mononucleosis and lymphadenitis,accounting for respectively 7.90% and 5.10%,ulcerative stomatitis,myocarditis,neu tropenia and fever,accounting for respectively 1.20%,1.00%,1.00% and 1.00% of the total.The last was diarrhea and urticarial,accounting for respectively 0.70% and 0.50% of the total. Conclusion Preschool children have a high rate of EB virus infection.EB virus plays an important role in the pathogens of respiratory tract infection in preschool children.Parents should raise their awareness of child care and take good care of personal hygiene to minimize infection rate of EB virus.Preschool children have a high rate of EBV infection,mainly in upper respiratory tract infections.