“区块链+生产”推动企业绿色生产——对政府之手的新思考

“Blockchain+Production” Promotes the Green Production of Enterprises ——New Thinking on the Hand of Governments

企业绿色生产具有环境外部性,存在激励不足的问题。以区块链为代表的新技术的应用是激励企业绿色生产的可行路径。本文从经济学视角分析了区块链技术的应用价值,指出区块链技术能够减少信息不对称、降低交易成本,从而实现资源配置的优化。在此基础上,本文构建了政府与企业的两阶段动态博弈模型,分析在政府不同的策略选择下,企业绿色生产决策的影响因素。在企业决策环节,“区块链+生产”平台通过溯源机制、智能合约机制、P2P机制以及数字化双胞胎机制,能够降低企业绿色生产的成本、提高绿色产品的收益,从而激励企业进行绿色生产。在政府决策环节,本文通过比较政府构建“区块链+生产”平台、财政补贴以及“无为而治”三种策略下的政府福利,指出了“政府补贴悖论”效应与“社会信任悖论”效应是政府失灵与市场失灵的表现,而以“区块链+生产”平台为代表的科技进步是寻求合意政府之手的可行路径。

The green production of enterprises suffers from the problem of environmental externality, leading to insufficient incentives. Applications of new technologies represented by blockchain are feasible ways to promote the green production of enterprises. This paper firstly analyzes the applied value of blockchain technology from the perspective of economics, and argues that blockchain technology can reduce information asymmetry and transaction cost, resulting in a better allocation of resources. This paper constructs a model of dynamic game between the government and enterprises to analyze the influencing factors of enterprises green production decisions with different strategic choices of the government. In the decision-making process of enterprises, the “blockchain+production” platform can reduce the cost of green production and increase the revenue from green products through the mechanisms of traceability, intelligent contract, P2P and digital twin, so as to encourage enterprises to carry out green production. In the decision-making process of the government, by comparing the welfare of government through constructing “blockchain+production” platform, financial subsidies, and the “laissez-faire” strategy, this model points out that the “fiscal subsidies paradox” and “paradox of social trust” effect are reflections of government and market failures. The scientific and technological progress, represented by the “blockchain+production” platform, is a viable path to seek the effective hand of government.