凤眼莲与几种生水植物所含生物质的比较研究

Comparative Study on Biomass in Water Hyacinth and Several Raw Water Plants

本文选取凤眼莲、浮萍、睡莲、芦苇、莲(去藕)5种水生植物的全株,采用灰化法、分光光度法、双试剂显色法、克达尔法,分别对总粗纤维、总糖、总黄酮、总蛋白进行含量测定.采用HPLC法和ICP-MS法分别对凤眼莲中的总游离氨基酸和13种无机元素进行含量检测.结果表明,凤眼莲的总粗纤维、总糖、总黄酮和总蛋白质含量分别是20.27%、5.75%、2.46%、12.65%.在几个物种里,凤眼莲总粗纤维和总糖均为第三,最高分别为芦苇33.72%和睡莲38.97%,总黄酮第四,仅高于芦苇2.17%,总蛋白质第二,低于浮萍30.15%.凤眼莲含有12种游离氨基酸,其总游离氨基酸含量达13.53mg·g^-1.13种无机元素含量,Fe和Mn含量极高,分别高达2969、1242ppm,Zn其次,Cr、Ni、Cu再其次.研究发现,凤眼莲具有“高纤维、高蛋白、高氨基酸、高金属、低糖、低黄酮”特点,具备综合开发利用价值.

The whole plant of five aquatic plants of Eichhornia crassipes,Lemna minor,Nymphaea tetragona Georgi,Phragmites communis,and Nelumbo nucifera(de-lotus root),were selected.And the content of total crude fiber,total sugar,total flavonoids,total protein of the five aquatic plants were detected by using ashing method,spectrophotometry,double reagent colorimetry,Kieldahl method in this paper.The contents of free amino acids and 13 metal elements in Eichhornia crassipes were detected by HPLC and ICP-MS.The results showed that the total crude fiber,total sugar,total flavonoids and total protein content of Eichhornia crassipes are 20.27%,5.75%,2.46%and 12.65%,respectively.In these species,the total crude fiber and total sugar of Eichhornia crassipes are the third,from high to low,the highest total crude fiber is 33.72%for Phragmites communis and the highest total sugar is 38.97%for Nymphaea tetragona Georgi,the total flavonoids is the fourth,higher than 2.17%of Phragmites communis and the total protein is second,lower than 30.15%of Lemna minor.Twelve of the 20 free amino acids are detected in Eichhornia crassipes.The total free amino acid content is 13.53 mg·g^-1.The results of 13 elements as follow:The content of Fe and Mn is extremely high,which up to 2969、1242 ppm.Zn is high,Cr,Ni and Cu are medium content.It is found that Eichhornia crassipes has the characteristics of“high fiber,high protein,high amino acid,high metal,low sugar and low flavonoid”,and has comprehensive development and utilization value.