补偿教育与全纳教育:美国弱势儿童教育的发展与启示

Inclusive Education and Compensatory Education: Development and Enlightenment of Disadvantaged Children’s Education in the United States

20世纪以来,美国弱势儿童教育空前发展。美国联邦政府针对弱势儿童群体采取了一系列教育措施:所有儿童教育立法均关注和帮扶弱势儿童群体,补偿性教育法案显著增多,全纳教育实践有序展开,确保了美国弱势儿童的教育权利。美国弱势儿童教育措施的两大核心就是“补偿”与“全纳”,这对我国弱势儿童实现教育机会均等,实施全纳的教育以及建立公正、平等、民主的全纳社会有积极的启示意义。

Since the 20th century,the education for disadvantaged children in the United States has developed unprecedentedly.The U.S.government has taken a series of educational measures for disadvantaged children.All children s education acts pay attention to the disadvantaged children.Compensatory education bills have increased significantly.Inclusive education practices have been carried out,which ensures the educational rights of disadvantaged children in the United States.The two core educational measures for disadvantaged children in the United States are“compensation”and“inclusiveness”,which have positive implications for the realization of equal educational opportunities for disadvantaged children,the implementation of inclusive education and the establishment of a fair,equal and democratic inclusive society in China.