社区居家老年人护理服务供需现状分析及护理干预对策

The Status Analysis and Nursing Intervention Countermeasures of the Supply and Demand of Community Housebound Old People Nursing Services

目的:调查乌鲁木齐市社区居家老人的护理服务需求,为社区医疗服务站提供护理干预依据。方法:采取随机抽样的方法抽取16个社区,每个社区采用便利抽样方法抽取50名居家老年人,共计800名老年人,并对其进行问卷调查。结果:社区居家老年人健康保障方面,预防意外伤害知识指导、定期体检和老年慢性疾病防治知识及用药指导所占比率分别是66.8%、62.5%、61.0%;居家老年人情感保障需求排名前四项分别是提供参加社会活动的信息、组织患有相同疾病老人成立支持性团队、心理护理、陪伴服务,四项的需求比例分别为61.2%、58.9%、58.4%和53.7%;生活服务保障需求中前三项是合理运动指导、合理饮食及营养指导、个体化指导生活起居,分别占71.0%、70.7%、59.3%。单因素分析显示:老年人服务需求与年龄和患病种类相关(P<0.01),多元逐步回归分析与单因素分析相符,患病种类、年龄是老年人服务需求的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论:患病种类、年龄是老年人服务需求的影响因素。社区医疗服务站应针对居家老年人的年龄及患病种数加大健康教育力度,向多层次、多样化服务体系发展。

Objective:To investigate the nursing service needs of housebound old people in Urumqi,and to provide nursing intervention basis for community medical service stations.Methods:A total of 16 communities were sampled by random sampling,and a total of 50 housebound old people (a total of 800 old people)were sampled by convenience sampling method in each community to conduct questionnaires.Results:In terms of health care of community housebound old people ,the percentage of knowledge guidance on preventing accidental injury,regular physical examination and knowledge and medication guidance on preventing chronic diseases of old people were as 66.8%,62.5% and 61.0% respectively;The top four emotional security needs of housebound old people were respective as providing information to participate in social activities,organizing old people with the same disease to set up supporting teams,psychological care and accompanying services,accounting for 61.2%,58.9%,58.4% and 53.7% respectively;The first three requirements for life service support were reasonable exercise guidance,reasonable diet and nutrition guidance and individualized guidance for daily life,accounting for 71.0%,70.7% and 59.3% respectively.Univariate analysis showed that service demand of old people was correlated with age and disease type( P <0.01).The multivariate stepwise regression analysis was consistent with the single-factor analysis,and the disease type and age were the influencing factors of the service demand of old people ( P <0.05).Conclusion:The disease type and age are the influencing factors of service demand of old people .Community medical service stations should enhance health education in accordance with the age of the housebound old people and the number of diseases,and develop to a multi-level and diversified service system.