天津市滨海新区接种手足口病疫苗前后流行病学特征对照分析

Comparative Analysis of Epidemiological Characteristics of Hand Foot Mouth Disease Vaccine Before and After Inoculation in Tianjin Binhai New Area

目的对天津市滨海新区2017年接种手足口病疫苗前后各一年流行病学特征进行对照分析,为手足口病预防控制提供有力依据。方法我院于2017年4月1日开始接种肠道病毒71型灭活疫苗,收集2016年4月1日~2018年4月1日我院门诊就诊的手足口病患者共1237例,其中接种疫苗前一年796例,接种疫苗后一年441例。采用描述性流行病学研究方法,对比接种手足口病疫苗前后各一年的流行病学特征。结果我院接种手足口病疫苗后一年较前一年发生率下降,从年龄分布看出,接种疫苗前后各年龄组均有发病,发病均以5岁以下儿童为主,其中接种疫苗前一年占83.17%,接种疫苗后一年占81.18%,接种疫苗前一年均高于接种疫苗后一年。从职业分布看出,接种疫苗前后各职业组均有发病,发病均以幼托儿童为主,其中接种疫苗前一年占全年52.64%,接种疫苗后一年占全年46.26%,接种疫苗前一年均高于接种疫苗后一年。从时间分布看出,接种疫苗前一年与接种疫苗后一年手足口病发病时间均有明显的季节性特征,高峰期主要为7月份,其次为6月份。接种疫苗前一年6月份占29.52%,7月份占29.90%,接种疫苗后一年6月份占20.18%,7月份占23.81%,接种疫苗前一年均高于接种疫苗后一年。结论接种手足口病疫苗是降低手足口病发生率最有效方法。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of the hand foot mouth disease vaccine in Tianjin Binhai New Area in 2017, and provide a strong basis for prevention and control of hand foot and mouth disease. Methods Our hospital began to inoculate enterovirus 71 inactivated vaccine on April 1, 2017, and collected 1237 cases of hand, foot and mouth disease patients from our hospital from April 1, 2016 to April 1, 2018, including vaccination. There were 796 cases in the year before the vaccine and 441 cases in the year after the vaccination. Descriptive epidemiological studies were used to compare the epidemiological characteristics of the year before and after the vaccine for hand foot and mouth disease. Results The incidence of hand foot and mouth disease vaccine in our hospital decreased from one year to the previous year. From the age distribution, all age groups before and after vaccination had morbidity, and the incidence was mainly children under 5 years old. It accounts for 83.17% of the year and 81.18% of the year after vaccination. The year before vaccination is higher than one year after vaccination. From the occupational distribution, the occupational groups were vaccinated before and after vaccination, and the incidence was mainly children's children, including 52.64% of the year before vaccination and 46.26% of the year after vaccination. The previous year was higher than one year after vaccination. From the time distribution, there was a clear seasonal characteristic of the incidence of hand, foot and mouth disease in the year before vaccination and one year after vaccination. The peak period was mainly in July, followed by June. Before the vaccination, it accounted for 29.52% in June, 29.90% in July, 20.18% in June after vaccination, and 23.81% in July. The year before vaccination was higher than one year after vaccination. Conclusion Vaccination of hand, foot and mouth disease vaccine is the most effective way to reduce the incidence of hand foot and mouth disease.