国家视野下的百年乡村建设历程

Exploring Rural Construction in the Past Century from a National Perspective

乡村振兴是新时代党和国家推动乡村建设的总体目标。中国过去近百年国家主导的乡村建设大体可分为三个阶段:20世纪二三十年代的农村复兴运动;20世纪五六十年代的土地改革与农业集体化;20世纪七八十年代以来的农村政治经济体制改革。不同阶段国家主导乡村建设的总体目标不同,前两阶段中乡村改善更多是实现其他目标的方式,而乡村振兴战略则是将乡村改善作为目标本身。在乡村建设过程中,国家的总体目标是不可忽视的方向性和决定性力量,而以往乡村建设研究更强调社会和民间力量的参与,对国家力量有所忽视。立足国家视野对百年乡村建设历史进行考察,有助于更好地把握乡村振兴战略的历史和现实意义。

Rural revitalization is the overall goal and main path for CCP and the state to promote rural construction in the new era. In the past 100 years, the state-led rural construction can be roughly divided into three stages: the rural revival movement in the 1920th and 1930th;the land reform and agricultural collectivization in the 1950s and 1960s;and the reform of the rural political and economic system since the 1970s and 1980s. The overall goal of country-led rural construction is different at different stages. In the first two phases, rural improvement is more of a way to achieve other goals, while rural revitalization strategy is to regard rural improvement as the goal itself. In the process of rural construction, the state and its overall goal are directional and decisive forces that cannot be ignored. In the past, rural construction research emphasized the participation of social and non-governmental forces, neglecting the state power. Based on the national vision, an examination of the history of rural construction in the past century will help us to better grasp the historical and practical significance of the rural revitalization strategy.