论“意识形态”与“ideology”的翻译及理解问题

On the Translation and Understanding of " Yishixingtai" and "Ideology"

西方词汇“ideology”不能统一翻译为“意识形态”,这是因为“ideology”的原义是观念学,忽视西方历史语境将其统一翻译成“意识形态”会遮蔽这个词的学科意义。在拿破仑批判观念学的形而上前,“ideology”是作为学科词使用的,其政治意义还没有出现,因此在这之前西方文献中出现的“ideology”应翻译为“观念学”,拿破仑批判之后翻译为“观念学”还是“意识形态”要根据文本的语境确定,当这个词偏重政治意义的时候应翻译成“意识形态”,当其偏重学科意义的时候应翻译为“观念学”。

The English word "ideology" cannot be generally translated into "yishixingtai". The original meaning of "ideology" is the science of idea. Regardless of the western historical context, translating it into "yishixingtai" will obscure the discipline meaning of the word. Before Napoleon criticized ideologists,"ideology" was used as a discipline word, and its political meaning had not yet appeared. Therefore,"ideology" appearing in western literature before this time should be translated into "guannianxue"(science of ideas). Whether "yishixingtai" or "guannianxue" after Napoleon's criticism should be determined according to the context of the text. When the political meaning of the word is too heavy, it should be translated into "yishixingtai" and when the discipline meaning is too heavy, it should be translated into "guannianxue".