从社会问题走向身份建构——论20世纪80年代问题小说的审美特征

From Social Problems to Identity Construction——Focusing On the Aesthetic Characteristics of Problem Novels in the 1980s

20世纪80年代前期,文学报刊发表了一批紧贴社会实际,关注社会生活、婚姻、工作等各方面问题的小说作品,借此讨论了新时期相关社会问题。小说在表达时代热点时以刻画人物内心为支点,建构出独特的审美趣旨。以《文学报》为代表的一些专业报刊对问题小说创作现状进行讨论,因报刊定位、论述范围、论者身份等诸多原因的局限,讨论并没有深入下去,也造成了文学史对问题小说的忽视。对这一文学写作现象的研究不仅弥补了问题小说在新时期文学中的“缺席”现象,而且有助于认识在新的历史条件下知识分子身份建构的实质。

In the early 1980s, literary newspapers and periodicals published a number of novels that closely followed social reality and paid attention to social life, marriage, work and other aspects, thereby discussing relevant social issues in the new era. When the novel expresses the hot spot of the era, it uses the character's inner heart as a fulcrum to construct a unique aesthetic connotation. At the same time, due to many reasons such as the position of newspapers and magazines, the scope of discourse, and the commentators concerned with the phenomenon of problem novels, the discussion did not deepen, and it also caused the literary history to ignore the problem novels. This study not only makes up for the phenomenon of "absence" in the literature of the new era, but also helps to understand the essence of the construction of intellectual identity under the new historical conditions.