乡村振兴视角下农村生活垃圾处理

Research on Rural Domestic Waste Disposal Under the Perspective of Rural Revitalization

文献和统计数据的分析显示,我国农村垃圾具有产生量大、组成成分复杂有害化、自然和经济上的地域差异性以及分布广而散等特点,且其总量仍在增长。目前我国农村垃圾处理的基础设施、资金投入、收集率和处理率等状况都有了较大改善,但垃圾无害化程度不高。基于对农村生活垃圾处理历程的回顾和对现有的处理模式的总结,提出农村垃圾处理城乡一体化、垃圾分类、厨余垃圾资源化利用、垃圾焚烧方式改进以及PPP建设运营模式等正成为发展趋势。当前农村垃圾处理还存在法律法规不完善、体系建设滞后、基础设施落后、建设运营资金不足和垃圾分类滞后等问题,由此提出完善并细化农村垃圾管理法律法规、建立多元化垃圾处理体系、探索政府保底的多元投入机制、科学推进农村生活垃圾源头分类和回收利用以及加强垃圾处理终端技术研究等政策建议。

Based on the analysis of literature and statistical data, China's rural domestic waste has the characteristics of large amount of increasing production, complex and harmful components, regional differences, and spatial dispersion. The infrastructure,capital investment,collection rate and treatment rate ofrural domesticwaste disposal have been greatly improved,but the harmlessness rate is not high. After reviewing the history of rural domestic waste disposal, the existing governance modelsare summarized.The following ways have become the development trendof ruralwaste disposal: the urbanization integration, waste classification, utilization of kitchen waste, waste incineration instead of landfill, and PPP. At present, rural waste disposal still has problems such as imperfect laws and regulations, lagging system construction, backward facilities, insufficient construction and operation funds, and lagging waste classification. Policy recommendations are proposed from the aspects ofmaking rural waste management perfect, establishing a diversified waste disposal system, exploring government guaranteed and diversified input mechanisms, promoting source classification and recycling of rural domestic waste and enhancing of waste disposal terminal technology research.