钩藤生物碱的组织化学定位研究

Study on Histochemical Localization of Alkaloids in Uncaria Rhynchophylla

利用石蜡切片、组织化学定位及生物碱含量测定技术,研究了钩藤营养器官的组织结构、总生物碱分布及含量。结果表明,钩藤根的次生结构发达,韧皮射线呈明显的喇叭口状;茎中维管射线排列整齐;叶片叶肉细胞分化为栅栏组织和海绵组织,叶脉次生结构不发达;钩是由枝变态发育而来,解剖结构与茎相同。钩藤生物碱的组织化学定位显示,钩藤全株均有生物碱分布,根中主要分布在次生韧皮部及次生木质部,茎和钩中主要分布在韧皮部和木质部及皮层薄壁细胞,叶中主要分布在韧皮部和木质部及叶肉细胞。钩藤生物碱含量以茎最高,根、叶片及钩次之。钩藤营养器官总生物碱的组织化学定位研究,可为该资源的充分开发利用总生物碱奠定理论和技术基础。

The structure of vegetative organs of Uncaria rhynchophylla ,as well as total alkaloid content and distribution,were studied by paraffin sectioning,histochemical localization,and alkaloid content determination technique. The results showed that the secondary structure of U. rhynchophylla was well developed,and the phloem rays were obviously trumpet-like. The vascular ray in the stem was neatly arranged. The mesophyll cells of the leaves were differentiated into palisade tissue and sponge tissue,and the secondary veins were underdeveloped. The hook was metamorphosed from the branch and had the same anatomy as the stem. The histochemical localization of U. rhynchophylla alkaloids showed that alkaloids were distributed in the whole plant,and in the root,it was mainly distributed in the secondary phloem and secondary xylem. The alkaloids were distributed in the phloem,xylem and cortical parenchyma cells in the stems and hooks,while distributed in phloem,xylem and mesophyll cells in the leaves. The alkaloid content of U. rhynchophylla was the highest in stems,followed by roots,leaves and hooks. The histochemical localization of total alkaloids in the vegetative organs of U. rhynchophylla may lay a theoretical and technical foundation for the full development and utilization of this resource.