《尚书·西伯戡黎》“我生不有命在天”辨正

Study on “My Destiny in Heaven”in Texts of XI BO KAN LI

我们准确理解“我生不有命在天”,必须将其置于《西伯戡黎》的语境中,其中“天曷不降威?大命不挚,今王其如台”的语义考证是前提。“天曷不降威”是祖伊转述民之言;“大命不挚,今王其如台”是祖伊之言。“我生不有命在天”表现出纣对天命的极端自信,这是传统经史的主流理解,但一直未有确切的文献学依据。在“我生不有命在天”一语中,“不”并非否定副词,而是无实义的发声词,此语语义实为“我生有命在天”,是商纣针对祖伊“大命不挚”一语而发。《西伯戡黎》文本中商纣一味迷信“命”“天”的形象,是周人在天命观的影响下塑造的,是西周早期以其特有的观念反思商亡教训的结果。

If we wanted to understand "My Destiny in Heaven" accurately,we must place it in texts of XI BO KAN LI ."Why didn′t Heaven bring down his majesty? Destiny was far away from us. what should we do?" was the premise of research."Why didn′t Heaven bring down his majesty" was Zuyi′s reporting the words of the people."Destiny was far away from us. what should we do?" was the words of Zuyi."My Destiny in Heaven" showed King Zhou of Shang′s extreme confidence in destiny. This was the mainstream understanding of traditional classics,but there had been no definite documentary basis. The sentence of "My Destiny in Heaven" was aimed at "Destiny was far away from us". The image of King Zhou of Shang blindly believing in "Destiny"and "Heaven" in the text of XI BO KAN LI was shaped by Zhou people under the influence of the concept of destiny. It was the product of the early Western Zhou Dynasty′s Rethinking the lessons of the downfall of the Shang Dynasty.