长期施肥对黄壤旱地及水田土壤微生物生物量碳、氮的影响

Effects of Long-term Fertilization on Soil Microbial Biomass Carbon and Nitrogen in Dryland and Paddy Field of Yellow Soil

为揭示长期施肥条件下黄壤旱地、水田土壤微生物生物量碳(SMBC)和土壤微生物生物量氮(SMBN)的差异及其影响因素,以长期定位施肥、集旱地水田为一体的贵州黄壤肥力与肥料效益监测基地为依托,采用氯仿熏蒸-K2SO4提取法,研究长期不施肥(CK)、单施化肥(NPK)、单施有机肥(M)、低量有机无机肥配施(0.5MNPK)、高量有机无机肥配施(MNPK)对旱地、水田SMBC、SMBN的影响,探讨黄壤合理利用的培肥措施。结果表明,与CK相比,旱地、水田土壤SMBC含量分别以MNPK、M处理的提高效果最好。相同施肥条件下,水田的SMBC含量是旱地的2.5~3.7倍。长期施用化肥、有机肥均能使SMBN含量增加,且均以M处理的提高效果最好。旱地、水田M处理的SMBN含量分别为72.97、152.54mg/kg。相同施肥条件下,水田的SMBN含量均比旱地高,且是旱地的2.0~4.7倍。不同施肥处理下,旱地、水田的有机碳(SOC)、全氮(TN)含量均以MNPK处理最高,旱地、水田的微生物熵(qMB)分别介于0.52%~0.94%、1.87%~2.49%,旱地、水田的SMBN/TN值分别介于0.59%~2.75%、2.71%~5.61%,旱地、水田的SMBC/SMBN值分别介于4.27~9.26、5.79~7.37。综上,M和MNPK处理是旱地、水田有效培肥措施。相同施肥条件下,水田的SMBC、SMBN、SOC、TN含量及qMB、SMBN/TN值均高于旱地。

In order to reveal the differences and the influencing factors of soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC) and soil microbial biomass nitrogen(SMBN) in yellow soil dryland and paddy field under long-term fertilization conditions,relied on the Guizhou yellow soil fertilizer benefit monitoring,which based of long-term locating fertilization,dryland and paddy field as a whole,used the chloroform fumigation-K 2SO 4 extraction method,studied the effect of long-term no fertilizer(CK),signal application of chemical fertilizer(NPK),signal application of organic manure(M),low application amount of organic manure combined with chemical fertilizer(0.5MNPK),high application amount of organic manure combined with chemical fertilizer(MNPK)on SMBC,SMBN of dryland,paddy field,and discussed the rational use of fertilization measures of yellow soil.The results showed that,compared with CK,the enhancement effect of SMBC content in dryland and paddy field was the best with MNPK and M treatments.Under the same fertilization condition,the SMBC content in paddy field was 2.5-3.7 times of that in dryland.Long-term application of chemical fertilizer,organic manure could increase the content of SMBN,and the enhancement effect of M treatment was the best.The SMBN content of M treatment in dryland,paddy field were 72.97,152.54 mg/kg ,respectively.Under the same fertilization condition,the SMBN content in paddy field was higher than that in dryland,and it was 2.0-4.7 times of that in dryland.Under different fertilization treatments,soil organic carbon(SOC)content and total nitrogen(TN)content in dryland and paddy field were the highest with MNPK treatment.The microbial entropy(qMB)of dryland and paddy field ranged 0.52%- 0.94%,1.87%-2.49%,respectively,SMBN/TN value of dryland and paddy field ranged 0.59%- 2.75%,2.71%-5.61%,respectively,and SMBC/SMBN value of dryland and paddy field ranged from 4.27-9.26,5.79-7.37,respectively.In summary,M and MNPK treatments were effective fertilization measures in dryland and paddy field.Under the same fertilization treatment,the SMBC content,SMBN content,SOC content,TN content,qMB value,SMBN/TN value in paddy field were higher than that in dryland.