1688年革命与英国现代国家建设的“共识危机”——休谟《道德和政治论集》的思想史启示

Glorious Revolution in 1688 and "Consensus Crisis" of Britain’s Modern State Building ——The Inspiration of Hume’s Essays: Moral and Political

1688年革命后,英国开启了现代国家建设的进程,但辉格党和托利党在如何重建英国政治秩序的问题上爆发了意识形态争论,产生了现代国家建设的“共识危机”。休谟于18世纪40-60年代出版的《道德和政治论集》,可视作针对这一危机的学理考察和政治回应。休谟敏锐地将“原则党派”作为一个“现代”政治现象加以分析,并从1688年革命后的政体特点和汉诺威王朝统治权利两方面入手,澄清了“共识危机”的性质、原因和论战结构。休谟的政治和学理洞见,既有助于理解英国道路的“危机”与1688年革命遗产之间的关系,更有助于进一步探讨革命正当性、历史-政治共识、成功的现代国家建设这三组问题在政治理论和现代政治史上的关系。

After the 1688 Revolution, England initiated its process of modern state building. However, there happened an ideological debate between the Whigs and the Tories in terms of how to build a new political order in Britain, producing the "consensus crisis" of modern state building. Hume’s Essays: Moral and Political which came out in the 1740-1760 s can be regarded as both a theoretical investigation of and a political response to the crisis. Hume analyzes "Party of Principles" as a "modern" political phenomenon. Starting from the characteristics of the regime after the 1688 Revolution and the ruling power of the Hanoverian Dynasty, Hume clarifies the nature, causes and polemical structure of the "consensus crisis". Hume’s insight not only helps to understand the interaction between the crisis of British path and the heritage of 1688, but also depicts a theoretical triangle of the legitimacy of 1688, history-political consensus and successful state building.