魏晋南北朝銙带纹样的美术学研究

A Study of the Art of the Sash Patterns in the Wei,Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties

魏晋南北朝时期銙带作为一种艺术品,其纹样包涵重要的历史信息,也是当时社会思想的局部反映。龙纹是汉民族传统的神兽形象,有辟邪祈福的作用。晋式銙带雕刻有许多龙纹,即是传统汉文化的产物。北方少数民族政权中,诸多高级贵族墓葬出土了带有龙纹的銙带,应该是受到汉文化的濡染。禽鸟纹也是銙带装饰中屡见不鲜的纹样,出土銙带中禽鸟纹的出现主要有三种形式:一是与兽纹或龙纹组合出现,两者相对望;二是居于兽纹或龙纹的背上,作飞翔状;三是两只禽鸟纹相对出现,这种图案造型较少,见于三燕时期的銙带中。此外,芝草纹也是銙带中常见的题材。一般情况下透雕芝草纹于垂饰上,造型简单。还有浮雕莲花纹、葡萄纹等纹饰的,并不多见。

As a kind of art works,the patterns of the sash in Wei,Jin and Southern and Northern dynasties con-tain important historical information,and is also a partial reflection of social thought at that time. Dragon pattern is the traditional image of the Han nationality,which has the function of resisting evil and blessing. There are many dragon patterns in the sash of Jin style,the product of traditional Chinese culture. In the northern minority regime,many highranking noble tombs were unearthed with dragon-shaped patterns,which should be influenced by the Han culture. Bird pattern is also a common pattern decorating sash. There are three main forms of bird pattern in unearthed metal belt. The first is the combination with animal pattern or dragon pattern,and the two are opposite;the second is a bird standing on the back of dragon in the form of flying. The third is two birds looking at each other,which is rare and is seen in the period of sixteen kingdoms. In addition,the shape of ganoderma lucidum is also a common theme in sash. In general,the carving of ganoderma lucidum embroidered on the pendant,and the shape is simple. There are also em-bossed lotus,grape and other patterns,which are rare.