论实际所有人对挂靠船舶提出执行异议的认定——兼评船舶所有权未经登记不得对抗善意第三人的范围

Ascertainment of execution disagreements made against the ship affiliated by real ship owner——also on the application scope of the rule that unregistered ownership of the ship can not act against a bona fide third party

在涉船舶执行案件中,实际所有人就挂靠船舶提出执行异议,是否一概成立并阻却执行,在司法实践中存在较大的争议。分析《中华人民共和国物权法》第24条的立法旨趣、船舶挂靠关系的实际运行和法律评价、登记对抗主义的逻辑构造,以及船舶挂靠对《中华人民共和国物权法》第24条立法目的悖离,结合国家政策对挂靠行为的价值判断,得出实际所有人的船舶所有权不能当然地对抗一般债权人的结论,对该疑难法律问题的解决提供不同的思路和视角。

In dealing with implementation cases wherein ships would be executed, it is a difficult question whether all execution disagreements held by real ship owners should be confirmed and excluded from execution. Through analyzing the legislation purpose of Article 24 of Real Right Law of the People’s Republic of China , the practical operation and legal comment of ship affiliation, the logical structure of registry antagonism, the deviation of ship affiliation from the legislation purpose of Article 24, and the value judgment by public policy, it is concluded that not all ownership of real ship owners can defeat general creditors’ rights.