垂体瘤患者术后低血钾的相关危险因素分析

Risk factors for postoperative hypokalemia in patients with pituitary tumors

目的分析垂体瘤患者术后低血钾的相关危险因素。方法选取本院2017年2月至2018年3月收治的120例行手术治疗垂体瘤患者作为研究对象,依据术后是否发生低血钾并发症分为低血钾组25例与非低血钾组95例,比较两组患者临床资料,并分析术后低血钾发生的危险因素。结果低血钾组与非低血钾组患者性别、年龄、BMI、身高、肿瘤大小、有饮酒史、吸烟史患者所占比例比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。低血钾组患者住院时间长于非低血钾组(P<0.05),农村、合并糖尿病、高血压、ACTH型垂体腺瘤患者所占比例高于非低血钾组(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示,ACTH型垂体腺瘤是患者发生术后低血钾独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论居住地、住院时间、糖尿病与高血压并发症是垂体瘤患者发生术后低血钾影响因素,ACTH型垂体腺瘤属于发生术后低血钾独立危险因素,临床医师可针对这些因素对术后低血钾的产生采取相应防治措施。

Objective To analyze the risk factors for postoperative hypokalemia in patients with pituitary tumors. Methods A total of 120 patients with pituitary tumors who underwent surgery in our hospital from February 2017 to March 2018 were enrolled in the study. They were divided into hypokalemia group(n=25) and non-hypokalemia group(n=95) according to the occurrence of hypokalemia after surgery. The clinical data were compared between the two groups and risk factors for postoperative hypokalemia were analyzed. Results There were no significant differences in gender, age, BMI, height, tumor size, drinking history or smoking history between the two groups(P>0.05). The length of hospital stay of hypokalemia group was significantly longer than that of non-hypokalemia group(P<0.05). The proportions of patients living in rural areas, patients with diabetes, patients with hypertension and patients with ACTH type pituitary adenoma were significantly higher in hypokalemia group than those in non-hypokalemia group(P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that ACTH type pituitary adenoma was an independent risk factor for postoperative hypokalemia in patients(P<0.05). Conclusion The place of residence, length of hospital stay, diabetes and hypertension complications are factors affecting postoperative hypokalemia in patients with pituitary tumors. ACTH type pituitary adenomas is independent risk factor for postoperative hypokalemia. Clinicians can take appropriate preventive measures for postoperative hypokalemia according to these factors.