武汉市社区适龄女性乳腺癌认知度与乳腺自检现状调查

Awareness of breast cancer and breast self-examination among female of the right age in community in Wuhan

目的调查社区适龄女性对乳腺癌的认知情况和乳腺自检现状,探讨其影响因素,为提前干预并提高适龄女性对乳腺癌认知度提供依据。方法采用自行编制的问卷,统一培训的专业人员于2018年8~9月间在武汉市青山区妇幼保健院对参与两癌筛查的社区适龄女性506名完成了乳腺癌认知度和乳腺自检情况调查,采用描述性分析和卡方检验完成数据分析。结果此次调查的妇女平均年龄为39.78±9.98岁,乳腺癌基础知识及乳腺自检行为知识总知晓率为39.64%,其中对乳腺癌基础知识的总知晓率为48.51%,其知识主要来源于电视/网络(48.12%),仅有8.23%是来自于社区的宣传资料;对乳腺自检行为知识的总知晓率为34.95%;乳房自检率为20.15%;年龄因素对乳腺癌相关知识的认知度影响有差异(χ^2值=12.972,P<0.05)。结论社区适龄女性乳腺癌相关知识相对缺乏且乳房自我检查状况欠佳,建议社区卫生机构对不同年龄层的女性开展针对性的乳腺癌健康教育,并提高其对乳房自检重要性的认识,以减少乳腺癌的疾病负担。

Objective Breast cancer (BCa) is by far the most common cancer among women. The purpose of this survey is to assess the status of breast cancer cognition and breast self-examination (BSE) among female of the right age in general population,and analyze potential factors affecting breast cancer knowledge,which which will guide the designing of interventions aimed at raising awareness across the general population. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study from August to September 2016 involving 506 consenting female in Maternal & Child Care Service Centre of Qingshan District in Wuhan.Data was collected using a pretested self-administered questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive methods and Chi-square test. Results The mean age of the respondents was 39.78±9.98 years and a vast majority (n=503,99.40%) had heard BCa primarily from the television/radio (n=244,48.12%). Overall,less than half (48.51%) of respondents who had heard about BCa had sufficient knowledge on its basic information,signs/symptoms,prevention way and risk factor,merely 8.23% of respondents learned about BCa from community propaganda education. Over a third (34.95%) of respondents had heard about BSE ,but only 20.15% had ever practiced it.ageis the only risk factor to affect respondents′BCa knowledge (χ^2=12.972, P <0.05). Conclusion All respondents′ overall knowledge on BCa is insufficient with a concomitant low practice of BSE. These highlighted gaps warrants intensification of targeted educational programmes in community in order to raise knowledge levels and enhance prevention strategies that would aid in reducing the burden of breast cancer in Wuhan.