不同年龄女性排球运动者膝关节等速肌力测试

Knee joint isokinetic strength of female volleyball players at different ages

背景:当前对排球运动者膝关节等速肌力的研究,主要体现在与其他体育项目进行比较或分析左、右侧肌力的差异,而不同年龄段女子排球运动者膝关节等速肌力有何差异缺乏相关文献报道。目的:测试成年和少年女子排球运动者膝关节等速肌力、比较其差异。方法:采用德国产Iso Med 2000等速肌力测试仪,对女子排球成年组(n=62,平均19.0岁)和少年组(n=66,平均15.4岁)进行左、右侧膝关节不同角速度[60 (°)/s、5次,240 (°)/s、25次]屈伸模式测试。结果与结论:①膝关节峰力矩:成年组角速度60 (°)/s时膝关节左、右侧伸肌绝对力及角速度240 (°)/s时左侧爆发力大于少年组(P <0.05);膝关节相对峰力矩:成年组角速度60 (°)/s时左、右侧伸肌相对峰力矩及角速度240 (°)/s时左侧伸肌相对峰力矩大于少年组(P <0.05);②H/Q:成年组左侧绝对力H/Q小于少年组13.7%(P <0.05);③侧同名肌:成年组与少年组比较差异无显著性意义(P> 0.05);④肌肉耐力:成年组膝关节左、右侧屈肌和伸肌的肌肉耐力均显著大于少年组(P <0.05);⑤最大做功和功率:成年组膝关节左、右侧伸肌绝对力,左侧伸肌爆发力最大做功均显著大于少年组(P <0.05),成年组膝关节左侧伸肌绝对力,左、右侧伸肌爆发力最大功率均显著大于少年组(P <0.05);⑥结果说明,成年组女子排球运动者的膝关节伸肌绝对力和爆发力、屈肌和伸肌的肌肉耐力、伸肌绝对力的最大做功以及爆发力的最大功率优于少年组;成年组和少年组H/Q值偏小(小于0.6),成年组膝关节左侧绝对力的H/Q值小于少年组,建议增加成年组和少年组膝关节屈肌绝对力和爆发力的训练,提升H/Q值预防运动损伤。

BACKGROUND: Current research on isokinetic muscle strength of knee joint of volleyball players is mainly reflected in comparing with other sports or analyzing the difference of left and right muscle strength. However, there is no literature about the difference of knee isokinetic muscle strength in female volleyball players at different ages.OBJECTIVE: To measure and compare the isokinetic muscle strength of knee joint between adult and adolescent female volleyball players.METHODS: The left and right knee joint muscle strengths at different angular velocities(60(°)/s, 5 times, 240(°)/s, 25 times) in flexion and extension modes of female volleyball adults(n=62, average age of 19.0 years)and adolescents(n=66, average age of 15.4 years) were detected using IsoMed 2000 isokinetic muscle strength tester made in Germany.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) Knee peak torque: the absolute force of the left and right extensors of the knee joint at angular velocity of 60(°)/s, and the left explosive force at angular velocity of 240(°)/s in the adult group was significantly less than that in the adolescent group(P< 0.05). Relative peak torque of knee joint: the relative peak torque of the left and right extensors of the knee joint at angular velocity of 60(°)/s,and the left relative peak torque at angular velocity of 240(°)/s in the adult group was significantly higher than that in the adolescent group(P <0.05).(2) H/Q: the absolute force of H/Q of the left side in the adult group was less than that in the adolescent group 13.7%(P < 0.05).(3) The ipsilateral muscle: there was no difference between two groups(P > 0.05).(4) Muscular endurance: the muscular endurance of the left and right flexors and extensors in the adult group was significantly higher than that in the adolescent group(P < 0.05).(5) Maximal working capacity and power: the absolute power of left and right extensors in the adult group was significantly higher than that in the adolescent group(P < 0.05). The absolute power of the left and right extensors in the adult group was significantly higher than that in the adolescent group(P <0.05).(6) These results indicate that the absolute and explosive forces of knee extensor, muscle endurance of flexor and extensor, maximum working capacity of absolute force of extensor and maximum power of explosive force of adult female volleyball players are superior to the adolescent volleyball players. The H/Q value of adult and adolescent groups is less than 0.6, and the H/Q value of left absolute force of knee joint in the adult group is smaller than that in the adolescent group. It is suggested that the absolute force and explosive force of knee flexors should be increased in adult and adolescent groups, and increasing H/Q value can prevent sports injury.