亚洲小车蝗对内蒙古典型草原3种禾本科植物取食特性研究

Feeding features of Oedaleus asiaticus on three species of Poaceae plants in the Inner Mongolia typical steppe

通过了解亚洲小车蝗Oedaleus asiaticus的取食特性,为有害生物的防治和草原生态环境的保护提供理论依据。在分析亚洲小车蝗发生与羊草Leymus chinensis、克氏针茅Stipa krylovii及糙隐子草Cleistogenes squarrosa等3种禾本科植物特征参数关系的基础上,通过罩笼试验调查了罩笼内亚洲小车蝗3~5龄蝗蝻的存活率,比较了亚洲小车蝗的取食数量、取食高度及取食率等特性。结果表明,克氏针茅和糙隐子草生态优势度与亚洲小车蝗发生数量显著正相关,亚洲小车蝗喜食克氏针茅和糙隐子草(0.25≤RFN<0.5),少食羊草(0.025≤RFN<0.25)。4龄和5龄蝗蝻对克氏针茅和糙隐子草取食量显著大于羊草。亚洲小车蝗取食高度位于植物中下部(9~10cm),与3种植被高度无关;取食后上部掉落造成损失,特别是对克氏针茅的为害更大;亚洲小车蝗取食克氏针茅和糙隐子草时的存活率显著高于取食羊草时的存活率。结论:以克氏针茅和糙隐子草为优势植物的典型草原更适合亚洲小车蝗的发生与为害,应加强该类草原亚洲小车蝗的监测预警和防控。

This study aims to understand the feeding characteristics of Oedaleus asiaticus so as to provide theoretical basis for the prevention and control of pests and the protection of grassland ecological environment. Based on surveying the relationship between characteristic parameters of three Poaceae plants, Leymus chinensis , Stipa krylovii , Cleistogenes squarrosa and O.asiaticus occurrence, survival rates of O.asiaticus were investigated Feeding features, including feeding amount, height and frequency ( RFN ) of O.asiaticus were compared through artificial feeding trials. The ecological dominances in S.krylovii and C.squarrosa were significantly correlated with the number of O.asiaticu . O.asiaticus preferred to feed on S.krylovii and C.squarrosa (0.25≤ RFN <0.5), and fed seldom on L.chinensis (0.025≤ RFN <0.25). Feeding amount of 4 th instar and 5 th instar nymphs on S.krylovii and C.squarrosa was significantly greater than that on L.chinensis . Foraging height of O.asiaticus was 9 cm-10 cm and did not correlate with corresponding plant height. The dropping upper portion of plants after feeding resulted in loss, especially for S.krylovii . Survival rate of O.asiaticus feeding on S.krylovii and C.squarrosa were significantly greater than that on L.chinensis . In conclusion, the typical steppe dominated by S.krylovii or C.squarrosa was more suitable for the outbreak of O.asiaticus ,therefore, the monitoring and control for O.asiaticus should be strengthened in this grasslands type.