韭菜迟眼蕈蚊危害蚕豆根茎影响豌豆蚜的生长发育

Effects of Bradysia odoriphaga damaging Vicia faba’ root on the growth and development of Acyrthosiphon pisum

地下害虫和地上害虫虽然在空间上隔离,但植物作为媒介将它们联系到一个系统,为了探讨地下害虫危害对地上害虫的影响,本文利用蚕豆植株作为媒介,研究了韭菜迟眼蕈蚊Bradysia odoriphaga Yang et Zhang危害蚕豆植株对两种色型豌豆蚜Acyrthosiphon pisum的影响。结果表明:韭菜迟眼蕈蚊危害改变了蚕豆植株的营养组成,包括干重和鲜重比、可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、海藻糖和游离氨基酸。豌豆蚜取食后若虫历期延长,两种色型豌豆蚜1龄历期延长最为显著,红色型豌豆蚜3龄历期延长差异显著,其他各龄历期无差异;豌豆蚜若虫的死亡率提高,绿色型豌豆蚜1龄和2龄的死亡率高于对照组,红色型豌豆蚜2龄、3龄和4龄的死亡率高于对照组,其中红色型豌豆蚜2龄死亡率显著高于对照组;韭菜迟眼蕈蚊危害减小两种色型豌豆蚜每天产蚜数、10d累积产蚜数、净增值率、内禀增长率、周限增长率、相对生长率、体长和体重,平均世代周期延长但是无显著差异。结果表明,韭菜迟眼蕈蚊危害可直接影响蚕豆的营养组成,进一步间接影响豌豆蚜的生长发育。

Plants provide a communication network for the underground and overground insects despite their space segregation. Hence, an underground insect may affect overground insect through the damaged plants. Here, we used the Vicia faba to study effects of faba s root damage by Bradysia odoriphaga Yang et Zhang on two types of Acyrthosiphon pisum . The results showed that B.odoriphaga larvae changed the nutrition composition of faba, including fresh to dry weight ratio, soluble protein and saccharide, trehalose and free amino acids. After feeding on faba leaves from damaged plants, both red and green aphids exhibited an extended nymphal development due to their dramatically prolonged first instar, however, only the red type displayed an increased third instar. Meanwhile, mortality rates elevated on both types of aphids compared with their control groups. The green nymphs had a higher mortality rate in the first and second instar while the reds increased on the second, third and fourth instar. Further, both color aphids showed trends to increase their average generation time and significant decreases in multiple aspects, such as daily offspring production, accumulated nymphs of 10 days per female, net reproductive rate, intrinsic rate of increase, finite rate of increase, relative growth ratio, body length and weight. It is concluded that B.odoriphaga could change the nutritional composition of faba, which subsequently affected the growth and development of pea aphids.