《职贡图册》之考鉴与图题辨正

An Analysis of Tribute-bearers from Ten Countries and the Postscripts

"横绝岭海逾涛泷,珍禽瑰产争牵扛,名王解辫却盖幢"系苏轼为阎立本《职贡图》题诗中的一句,反映出"职贡图"这一绘画母题所表现的外国来朝之丰富景象。昆仑堂美术馆藏有一套佚名《职贡图册》,共十帧,所画内容为职贡诸夷人物及即将进献的奴婢、牛马、虎豹、香料、皮草等方物。每帧画背面附有书题,列述职贡国地理位置、风俗与产物。据杨新、薛永年先生鉴定,此图册为晚明人所作。本文对托名柯九思的书题和伪印以及图册创作年代作了进一步的考鉴。在研读时发现此图册中画与书题颇难对应,通过查考文献资料与图画对比,就其中五帧图画所对应的国家作了辨正,以供研究者参考。

Su Shi once wrote a poem to comment Yan Liben’s Portraits of Foreign Envoys,which reflected the prosperous scene of presenting tribute by foreign envoys in the Tang dynasty.There is an anonymous album of ten paintings of Tribute-bearers from Ten Countries collected in Kunlun Art Museum,depicting the foreign envoys and their tributes including the servants,cattle,horses,tigers,leopards,fragrant materials,fur and some other things.On the back of each painting,there is a postscript introducing the geographical location,customs and products of the tributary.According to the authentication of Yang Xin and Xue Yongnian,this album was painted in the late Ming dynasty,so the paper makes a further research on its postscript in the name of Ke Jiusi,fake seal and the creation date.However,because the pictures in this album were not correspond to the postscripts completely,the current author identified and corrected the names of five countries on the basis of comparing the literature with the pictures to provide reference for the researchers.