Meta分析评估中国木霉对枯萎病防控效果及其影响因素

Evaluation of Effect of Trichoderma Controlling Fusarium Wilt Disease and Its Influencing Factors with Meta-analysis in China

由致病性尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum)侵染引起的植物枯萎病是一种真菌性土传病害,对多种经济作物产生严重危害。木霉生物防治作为一种安全、环保、经济效益高且长效的防治措施已成为世界范围内的发展趋势,但其确切防效及其影响因素尚不明确。基于中国范围内研究所发表的中英文文章,运用Meta分析(元分析)方法研究了木霉对土传枯萎病的防控效果,同时分析了影响木霉防控效果的多种因素。结果表明,施用木霉在整体上对枯萎病具有显著的防控效果,其中,作物科类、木霉形式、施用方法、是否与其他方式联合及气候类型(基于大田试验)5类因素对木霉防效有显著影响;木霉种类、试验类型、木霉菌剂施用剂量和木霉菌剂施用次数对结果无显著影响。本研究结果预计能为田间高效应用木霉防控土传枯萎病提供参考。

【Objective】Currently, numerous researchers and farmers in China are steadily realizing that Trichoderma can not only function to promote plant root growth, but also protect plant roots from infection of soil-borne pathogens. So they focus their researches on using different species of Trichoderma to inhibit fusarium wilt disease in different crops and their approaches. However, it is still not very clear how effective Trichoderma is to control the disease and what are its influencing factors. In this study based on the researches so far done in China, the Meta-analysis method was adopted to evaluate effectiveness of the control and define its influencing factors.【Method】Based on the papers published in Chinese and in English as well in China addressing the use of Trichoderma to control fusarium wilt disease of different crops, this study used the Meta analysis method to evaluate fusarium wilt disease controlling effect of Trichoderma and to analyze impacts of a variety of factors on effectiveness of the control.【Result】Results show that generally speaking, Trichoderma demonstrates a remarkable fusarium wilt disease controlling effect and its biological control effect reaches more than 60%. Both field experiment and pot experiment were carried out with similar outcomes. Crop family, Trichoderma form, application mode, climate type (field experiment) and usage in combination with other disease control strategies, etc. were factors significantly affecting effectiveness of the control. To be more specific, application of Trichoderma to crops of Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae and Malvaceae showed the most significant effect;Trichoderma mixed with soil for application, applied in pits and applied in multi-ways simultaneously was higher in effect than that applied in a single way;application of Trichoderma in the form of biomanure or mixture of solid and liquid fungal agents was the first option;and its effect would be more significant when used in areas under the temperate monsoon climate than when used in areas under the subtropical monsoon climate. However, Trichoderma species, experiment type, application rate and application timing was not found to have much impacts on its disease controlling effect in the field and pot experiments.【Conclusion】 Therefore, in order to more effectively control fusarium wilt disease in the field with Trichoderma, the influencing factors discussed above should be taken into account properly. The findings of this study are also expected to be of some reference value to farmers in practical and efficient application of Trichoderma to control soil-borne fusarium wilt disease in the field.