转型时期匈牙利新闻传媒体制变革研究——以1989年圆桌谈判的相关进程为例

Research on the Reforms of Hungary’s News Media System during the Transitional Period——A Case Study on the Relevant Process of the 1989 Roundtable Negotiations

在1989年举行的匈牙利圆桌谈判中,专门设立了政治谈判第五工作委员会来负责新闻传媒体制变革的谈判工作,其所涵盖的议题主要包括:不同政党组织在未来议会选举的过程中是否应当获得媒体报道的平等机会、如何以制度化的方式来确保媒体资源在政治转型时期内的公平分配和使用、整个圆桌谈判进程到底应当在何时以及在多大程度上对外界和媒体开放、如何初步拟定新闻媒体法的相关条款、应当以何种方式打破匈牙利社会主义工人党原先对于媒体资源的绝对垄断等。匈牙利社会主义工人党和反对派代表团就以上议题展开了持续而艰难的谈判博弈,其所取得的一系列谈判成果,也对国家的新闻传媒体制以及政治转型进程产生了重要而深远的影响。

In the 1989 Hungarian Roundtable Negotiations, the 5th Working Committee mainly focuses on the negotiations of the news media system reforms. The main issues include how to guarantee the equal opportunity for all the political parties during the democratic transition period, the publicity of the Roundtable Negotiations, the drafting of a new information and media act in the run-up to the general election, and the issue of county publications. The bargaining process between the Hungarian Socialist Worker’s Party and the Opposition organizations,and the final results of the negotiations had an important and far-reaching impact on Hungary’s news media system and the process of political transition.