动态时间和静态时间的“分”与“合”——基于时间理论的当代论争与古代方案的考察

On the Dichotomy and Unification Between Dynamic Time and Static Time——From Contemporary Debates to Ancient Solutions About Theory of Time

在当代时间理论中,英美分析哲学家们特别注重区分A-理论与B-理论的构建和探究。前者注重于“动态时间”的描述,后者着眼于“静态时间”的解释。静态时间与动态时间的“二分对立”虽说能够在某些方面进行合理解释,但其原初目的都是想应对麦克塔加难题。然而,解决难题的方式却又建立在一种“二分”的基础上,从而陷入了更多的解释困境。于是,我们不得不向前回溯,在当代动静之“分”的背后找到时间原本相“合”的古代渊源。事实上,无论是扬布里柯,或是再回溯到普罗提诺-柏拉图和亚里士多德,时间问题的探究都是按照“合一”的方式进行的。

In the contemporary time theory, Anglo -American analytical philosophers especially pay attention to distinguish A- and B-theories. The former focuses on dynamic time, the latter put emphasis on static time. The dichotomization of two aspects of time although it can carry on the reasonable explanation in some ways, but its primary purpose is to deal with McTaggart problem. The way of solving problem,however,is based on a kind of “dichotomy”,thus sinking into the predicament of further explanation. So we have to go back, to find the ancient origin of “unification” in the behind “dichotomy” between dynamic time and static time. In fact, whether Iamblichus,or Plotinus - Plato and Aristotle,the inquiry of time problem is carried out in accordance with the “unification”.