特朗普对美国自由霸权主义的继承与调整

The Continuity and Change of Liberal Hegemony in Donald Trump’s Foreign Policy

自由霸权主义是冷战结束后贯穿克林顿、小布什、奥巴马三任美国总统对外政策的大战略,以"单极时刻"格局下美国实力优势为后盾,致力于推广美式自由民主制度。特朗普总统就任两年多来,对外政策未能跳出自由霸权主义的窠臼,兼有继承与调整的两面,试图在扩张自由主义意识形态与霸权护持的双重目标中找到更好的平衡。其继承性集中表现为对外政策的强烈意识形态性;其调整突出表现为霸权护持优先的政策偏好,以突出经济安全、强调公平贸易、减少海外用兵规模等手段护持美国霸权。特朗普一些被视为背离自由霸权主义的政策行为,实质上是以退为进,依然具有典型的自由霸权主义本性。自由霸权主义已成为美国大战略的遗传基因,未来将继续对美国外交产生基础性的影响。

Liberal hegemony is regarded as the grand strategy that served Presidents Bill Clinton,George W.Bush and Barack Obama,devoted to promote democracy abroad backed by America’s unipolar preponderance. More than two years into his presidency, evidence shows that Donald Trump has been presenting both continuity and change of liberal hegemony. The continuity lies in the ideological fact that Trump seeks to promote American values by containing Cuba and Iran, forcing regime change in Venezuela with a likelihood of military intervention, expanding NATO’s sphere of influence around Russia, and pressing China for policy change. The change is demonstrated by Trump’s policies to pursue hegemonic maintenance by promoting economic security, fair trade, and decreasing military use abroad in the greater Middle East. After nearly 30 years of theoretical and policy evolution, liberal hegemony becomes American gene of grand strategy, whose essential influence on US foreign policy will go beyond Trump well into the future.