2011—2017年新疆喀什地区岳普湖县肺结核病流行特征分析

Analysis of epidemic features of pulmonary tuberculosis in Yuepuhu county,Xinjiang from 2011 to 2017

目的分析2011—2017年新疆岳普湖县肺结核病的流行现状及流行趋势,为肺结核病的预防与控制提供依据。方法从2011—2017年传染病报告信息管理系统和结核病管理信息系统导出登记的岳普湖县肺结核病疫情资料,并进行描述流行病学分析。结果 2011—2017年全县共登记肺结核病病人2 727例,其中涂阳病人419例、占总病人数的15.4%,登记率从2011年的157.82/10万增至2017年的420.13/10万;登记率2011—2013年较为平稳(157.82/10万～194.91/10万),随后呈逐年上升趋势;男性1 383例、占50.7%,女性1 344例、占49.3%,男女性别比1.03∶1,25～65岁病人占38.8%、65岁以上占57.9%,农民占92.3%;2011—2015年每年12月—次年3月登记率出现一个峰值,而2016—2017年峰值转移到了每年8—10月。结论新疆岳普湖县登记的肺结核病病人农民和老年人占比较高,登记率的峰值从冬春季逐渐转移到了夏秋季,涂阳病人登记率低于全国平均水平;应提高岳普湖县结核病"三位一体"防治服务能力和涂阳病人发现能力,提升农村居民和老年人肺结核病的系统管理水平,从而减少肺结核病的传播、控制流行。

Objective To analyze the epidemic status and trend of pulmonary tuberculosis in Yuepuhu county, Xinjiang from 2011 to 2017, and provide basis for tuberculosis control and prevention. Methods The data of pulmonary tuberculosis in Yupuhu county were collected from Tuberculosis Information Management System and Communicable Diseases Reporting Information System from 2011 to 2017, and analyzed with descriptively epidemiological method. Results Out of all 2 727 cases registered in Yuepuhu county during 2011 to 2017, there were 419 cases with sputum smear positive, accounting for15.4%. The registered incidence increased from 157.82/lakh in 2011 to 420.13/lakh in 2017, but the trend of registered incidences was stable from 2011 to 2013(157.82/lakh-194.91/lakh), then increased year by year. There were 1 383 cases of the male, accounting for 50.7% and 1 344 of the female, accounting for 49.3%;the proportion of the male to female was 1.03∶1.The patients at the age of 25-65 years accounted for 38.8% and 57.9% was over 65 years old. The cases of farmer held 92.3%.There was a peak of incidence from December to March of the next year during 2011 to 2015, and from August to October during 2016 to 2017. Conclusions Among the patients with pulmonary tuberculosis registered in Yuepuhu county, the proportion of farmers and old patients is high. The epidemic peak moves from winter and spring to summer and autumn. The registered rate of smear positive patients is lower than the national average level. The ability of comprehensive prevention and control service and finding smear positive patients should be improved, and systematic management of rural residents and old people with tuberculosis should be enhanced to decrease pulmonary tuberculosis spreading.