中国边境地区的城镇化可持续发展态势

Urbanization Sustainable Development Trend of Urbanization in the Border Areas of China

边境地区作为我国区域协调发展的重要组成部分,是对外开放的重要门户,是推进“一带一路”建设的重要平台。城镇是边境地区对外开放和区域合作的载体,衡量边境地区的城镇化发展水平及未来发展态势具有重要的理论和现实意义。文章以陆地边境134个县级单位作为研究对象,从经济、社会、人口三个维度综合构建城镇化指标体系评价边境地区的城镇化水平,并通过象限图法评估其城镇化可持续发展态势,从而为未来边境地区城镇化发展提出建议。结果表明:①2000-2015年,我国边境地区的城镇化水平总体呈线性缓慢增长态势。②边境地区的城镇化发展空间格局呈北高南低、东高西低的态势,高、低水平边境县域各自集聚呈带状分布,但其空间差异呈缩小趋势。③2000-2015年,边境地区社会城镇化进程较快,而经济城镇化、人口城镇化进程相对较慢;边境地区城镇化可持续发展的主要问题由早期的经济、社会城镇化的非可持续转为人口、经济城镇化的非可持续。从空间格局看,东北、内蒙古、新疆边境地区的经济增长乏力,西藏边境地区的人口流失问题亟待解决。

As an important part of regional coordinated development in China, border areas are the gateway to opening up and the platform to promote the Belt and Road Initiative. Measuring border areas' urbanization level and analyzing their sustainable development trend, it could explain the situation of border areas' economic development and regional cooperation, and promote the development of border areas. Under this background, this paper focuses on 134 border counties, constructs comprehensive urbanization indicator system based on economy, society and population to evaluate urbanization level of border counties, and applies quadrant diagram to assess border counties' sustainable development trend. The findings of this article are as follows. First, in 2000-2015, urbanization level of border areas presented the slow linear growth. Second, in 2000-2015, urbanization level in the northern and eastern border of China was higher than the southern and western, although the spatial difference had been decreasing. High and low urbanization level of border areas had shown a zonal distribution. Third, social urbanization of border areas had grown faster than economic urbanization and population urbanization. The main problems of border areas* urbanization sustainable development have changed from economic and social non-sustainable development to population and economic non-sustainable development. From the perspective of spatial pattern, border areas with sluggish economic growth mainly distribute in the northeast of China, Inner Mongolia and Xinjiang, and the problem of population loss in the border areas of Tibet urgently needs to be solved.