摘要
基于2015年春运期间长春市与省外城市的人口迁移数据,结合GIS空间表达、自然断裂法、等级钟等方法,分析长春市人口流动的层级特征、空间格局、时序特征及动力机制。研究表明:①春运期间其他城市与长春市间的人口流动具有明显的层级特征,高层级城市的组成遵循拉文斯坦的经济律,低层级城市的空间布局遵循距离律。②长春春运人口流动高度集中于“胡焕庸线”以东区域,其中长春人口联系的重点区域集中于京津冀与长三角地区且分布形态呈现出金字塔式层级分布结构。③春节前后人口流动存在差异,节前迁移城市集中化,节后迁移城市多样化和分散化。④经济律和距离律在人口迁移中起核心作用,而地理认同、适应性及部分特殊城市的特殊职能对迁移方向也存在明显影响。⑤长春市承担吉林省人口流出的门户功能。⑥百度迁徙数据在人口流动研究中具有很好的表征作用,但仍然存在偏向和缺乏个体信息等固有缺陷。
Baidu migration data provides a new research tool for quantitative analysis and depicting the population spatial flow during a specific period. Based on the population flow data between Changchun City and cities in other provinces during the 2015 Spring Festival, combining with GIS spatial expression, natural break and Rank Clock Method, this article analyzes the hierarchy of population flow characteristics, spatial patterns and temporal characteristics and dynamic mechanism in Changchun City. Research shows that: 1) During Chunyun period, the population flow between Changchun and other cities has obvious hierarchy characteristics, composition of high-level cities follows Ravenstein’s economic law, spatial distribution of low-level cities follows Ravenstein’s distance law. 2) Population flow of Changchun highly gathers in the east of Hu Huanyong line. Besides, main areas of Changchun’s population flow distribute in the Yangtze River Delta region and the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, it presents pyramid hierarchy distribution structure. 3) The population flow before and after the Spring Festival are quite different. The population flow is in the centralized distribution ahead of the festival and in the diverse and scattering distribution after the festival. 4) Economic law and distance law on the population migration play a central role, and the geographical identity, the adaptability and some special functions of special cities obviously effect on the migration directions. 5) Changchun City undertakes the population outflow portal function in Jilin Province. 6) Baidu migration data in the study of population flow has a good characterization of role, but it still has inherent defects such as a bias and lack of individual information.
作者
冯章献
张瑜
魏冶
赵梓渝
庞瑞秋
王士君
FENG Zhangxian;ZHANG Yu;WEI Ye;ZHAO Ziyu;PANG Ruiqiu;WANG Shijun(School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, Jilin, China;School of Tourism and Geography Science, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China)
出处
《经济地理》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第5期101-109,共9页
Economic Geography
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(41571150、41630749、41801153)
关键词
人口流动
春运
百度迁徙数据
等级钟方法
地理认同
population migration
Chunyun
Baidu migration data
Rank Clock Method
geographical identity