东北地区粮食生产结构时空演变

Spatial-Temporal Evolution of Grain Production Structure in Northeast China

以东北地区粮食生产结构为研究对象,以县域为尺度,运用数据统计对比、层次聚类分析等方法,结合GIS制图,对比分析2010-2015年东北地区(包括东北三省和内蒙古东四盟)玉米、水稻和大豆占粮食总产量的比例的时空格局和演变特征,探究东北地区粮食生产类型的空间分布、演化规律及成因。研究发现,东北地区玉米占比高值区域分布在东北地区中西部地区,近年来东北西部地区和北部地区的玉米高值区明显增加。水稻的占比相对高值区集中分布在松嫩平原、三江平原和辽河流域的部分县市区,近年来总体呈现北增南减的变化趋势。大豆占比相对高值区仅仅集中分布在东北地区北部大兴安岭地区,近年来高值区大范围缩减。层级聚类的分类结果表明,东北地区粮食生产类型多样性降低,玉米为主要粮食类型的区域范围在不断扩大,相应的大豆为主的类型区则严重萎缩,水稻生产优势区范围明显扩大。东北地区粮食生产结构的变化,主要是由于粮食种植结构的调整而引起的。

Using the method of statistical analysis and visualization tool of geographic information system (GIS), this study analyzes the spatial-temporal evolution of the structure of three major types of grain (maize, rice and soybean) in Northeast China at the county level from 2010 to 2015. The spatial patterns in terms of the proportions of different kinds of grain are depicted and the changes of the proportions are also analyzed. The counties are classified into different clusters based on the proportions of the three major types of grain using the hierarchical cluster analysis. The reason of the changes in the grain production structure is also discussed. The results shows that the areas with higher proportion of maize production are mainly distributed in the middle and west part of Northeast China. In recent years, there is a significant increase in terms of the numbers of counties with higher proportion of maize production in the west and north part of Northeast China. Areas with higher proportion of rice production are mainly distributed in some counties which are located in the Songnen Plain, Sanjiang Plain and Liaohe River Basin. The numbers of areas with higher proportion of rice production are becoming more in the north part but less in the south part of Northeast China recently. Areas with relatively higher proportion of soybean production are only located in the Daxing' an ling region. The numbers of counties with higher proportion of soybean production has dropped sharply in recent years. The results of hierarchical cluster analysis based on the proportions of three kinds of grain in 2010 and 2015show that the diversity of grain production has been decreased. The numbers of counties whose main type of grain production is maize increase dramatically. Most counties in Northeast China has become a maize dominant type of grain production during these years. Correspondingly, the numbers of counties with the soybean as the dominant type decrease significantly. In the meantime, the areas with the rice as the dominant type are enlarged apparently in the traditional rice-advantage region. The results indicate that the changes of grain production structure were mainly caused by the planting structure adjustment.