旅游产业成长与城市空间形态演变的关系——以张家界为例

The Evolution Characteristics of Urban Spatial Form and Its Relationships with the Growth of Tourism Industry

利用夜间灯光数据,结合张家界不同时期建成区统计资料,利用阈值提取的方法,提取张家界不同时期建成区面积,对张家界城市扩张方向进行分析;运用核密度估计法、标准差椭圆分析法及索洛模型,结合张家界市1989-2015年的基础数据,分析张家界城市空间形态演变特征及其与旅游产业成长的关系。研究发现:①张家界城市建成区呈现外延性的扩张趋势;②张家界旅游景区分布呈现的“三星拱月”态势对城市空间形态产生重要影响;③旅游产业成长对空间形态的影响主要是通过对城市产业结构调整、产业升级、产业组织形式的演替和就业结构的调整对旅游城市空间的物质要素和功能要素产生影响;④张家界城市形态演变速度总体上较为稳定,但1995、2002、2009、2011、2014年城市空间变化率相对较低,而1990、1992、1999、2003、2012年城市空间变化率相对较高。在此基础上完善旅游产业成长对城市空间形态演变的作用机理和逻辑模型。

Based on DMSP/OLS nighttime light data, basic data in 1989-2015 and the urban built-up area extracted from the built-up area statistics of Zhangjiajie at different times with the method of extracting threshold, this paper analyzes the expansion,s direction of Zhangjiajie and explores the evolution characteristics of urban spatial form and its relationships with the growth of tourism industry applying the method of SDE, KDE and Solow model. The results show that: The urban built-up area shows a trend of expansion;The relationship among scenic spots presents a characteristic of "three stars surrounding the moon", which has a great effect on the urban spatial morphology;The growth of tourism industry have a significant impact to urban spatial morphology, which is reflected by the influence of industrial restructuring, industrial upgrade, the succession of the forms of industrial organization and the employment structure restructuring on the material and functional elements of urban tourism space;The expansion speed of urban built-up area is stable as a whole, but it is relatively low in 1995,2002,2009,2011 and 2012, and is higher in 1990,1992,1999 and 2003 relatively. Based on these conclusions, this paper puts forward to optimize the logic model and influence mechanism of the growth of the tourism industry on the evolvement of urban spatial morphology.