安徽省农村40～60岁妇女健康教育活动参与情况及效果分析

Analysis of Participation and Effect of Health Education Activities for Rural Women Aged 40-60 in Anhui Province

目的了解安徽省农村地区40~60岁妇女参加健康教育活动的情况及其相关影响因素、健康教育活动的部分效果,探索农村妇女健康教育工作存在的问题及改进的措施。方法采取分层整群抽样方法,对安徽省农村40~60岁女性人群进行面对面问卷调查。利用其中与健康教育有关的信息进行进一步统计分析。结果在1,780名40~60岁农村妇女中,有568人报告最近1年参加过健康教育活动,健康教育活动参与率为31.9%。参与最多的活动主题为养生(204人,35.9%)、慢性病(178人,31.3%)、传染病(130人,22.9%)、其他(56人,3.1%)。单因素分析显示,是否参加健康教育活动与文化程度、业余活动、个人年收入、家庭年收入、BMI、地区等指标相关(P<0.05),与年龄、日常工作、家庭人口数、是否留守、慢性病无相关关系(P>0.05)。多因素分析显示,健康教育活动参与率仅与文化程度和地区相关(P<0.05)。多因素分析发现,是否参加健康教育既不是慢性病的相关因素,也不是BMI的相关因素(P>0.10)。单因素和多因素分析均发现参加健康教育活动是艾滋病和梅毒防治知识知晓率的保护因素(P<0.001)。结论安徽省农村40~60岁妇女参加健康教育活动的比例较低,参加健康教育活动的部分效果体现在艾滋病和梅毒防治知识的提高。

Objective To understand the participation of women aged 40-60 in health education activities in rural areas of Anhui Province and its related influencing factors, as well as some effects of health education activities, and to explore the existing problems and improvement measures of health education for rural women. Methods A stratified cluster sampling method was used to conduct a face-to-face questionnaire survey among women aged 40-60 in rural areas of Anhui Province. The information related to health education was used for further statistical analysis. Results Among 1,780 rural women aged 40-60, there were 568 reported that they had participated in health education activities in the last year, and the health education activities participation rate was 31.9%. The topics of activities with the greatest participation were health preservation (204, 35.9%), chronic diseases (178, 31.3%), infectious diseases (130, 22.9%), and others (56, 3.1%). The univariate analysis showed that participation of health education activities was associated with education level, leisure activities, personal income, family income, BMI, and location areas (P<0.05), but was not associated with age, job, family size, whether left-behind, and chronic disease (P>0.05). The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that only education level and location areas were associated with the participation rate (P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that participation was not associated with chronic disease and BMI (P>0.10). Both of the univariate and multivariate analysis showed that participation of health education activities was a protective factor for both of AIDS and syphilis awareness (P<0.01). Conclusion The proportion of women aged 40-60 in rural areas of Anhui Province participating in health education activities is relatively low. Part of the effect of health education activities are the improvement of knowledge of AIDS and syphilis prevention and treatment.