煤矿井下随采地震探测技术发展综述

The development of seismic-while-mining detection technology in underground coal mines

煤矿井下地震勘探的炸药震源受火工品管控影响大,且无法实现煤矿开采动力地质灾害的监测预警;随采地震是以采煤机为震源的地震探测新技术。本文回顾了国内外随采地震技术的研究现状,介绍了随采地震的方法原理和独特优势,并开展了一些先导性的试验研究利用。结果表明:采煤机震源具有激发能量强、频带宽、安全绿色经济、可重复等特点,可以作为随采地震探测的被动震源;采煤机震源与炸药震源的地震炮集记录接近,后者单炮信噪比相对较高;随采地震数值模拟、大数据动态处理等关键技术急需协同攻关。尽管随采地震尚处于试验研究阶段,但是它将成为未来透明工作面三维动态地质建模、开采动力地质灾害监测预警等重要手段,代表了今后煤矿智能探测技术的发展方向。

The explosive source of underground seismic exploration in coal mines is greatly affected by the control of pyrotechnics and cannot realize the monitoring and early warning of dynamic geological disasters in coal mining.Seismic-while-mining(SWM)is a new technique based on shearer as a seismic source underground.The paper reviewed the research status of SWM technique at home and abroad,introduced the SWM’s principle and its unique advantages.According to some pilot experiments of SWM,the results show that the shearer can be used as a seismic source because it has the character of strong excitation energy,wide frequency band,safety,green economy and repeatability,etc.The records of the shearer source and the explosive source are similar to each other,but the latter has higher S/N over the former.There is an urgent need of cooperation research in the key technologies such as seismic numerical simulation and big data dynamic processing.Although SWM is still in the experimental research stage,it will become an important means such as three-dimensional dynamic geological modeling for transparent working face,monitoring and warning of mining dynamic geological disaster,etc.This technology represents the development direction of intelligent detection technology of coal mine in the future.