家庭受教育程度与孩子主观幸福感——基于中国教育追踪调查(CEPS)数据的经验研究

Family Education and Children’s Subjective Well-being:An Empirical Research Based on Evidence from the CEPS

教育的首要目的是提升所有受教育者的幸福,而家庭是组成社会的基本单位,是个体学习人际互动和社会化的最初场所,是影响儿童心理发展最直接、最近端的微观环境。因此本文拟以家庭为单位,采用2013~2014学年中国教育追踪调查(CEPS)数据,对学生5项短期情绪值进行因子分析并提取公因子作为衡量其主观幸福感的指标,进而使用固定效应模型,分析家庭受教育程度(父亲受教育程度、母亲受教育程度以及二者交互项)与孩子主观幸福感的相关关系。研究发现:父亲或母亲任何一方高学历均对孩子主观幸福感起负向影响,其交互项虽对孩子主观幸福感起积极作用,但父母双方均高学历的最终效应则加剧其对孩子主观幸福感的抑制性。最后本文基于家庭层面,提出家长应从树立科学的教育观、营造良好和谐的家庭氛围、帮助孩子构建正确的社会认知体系以及鼓励其发展兴趣爱好等方面提高孩子的幸福感。

What is the purpose of education?The primary purpose of education is to improve the happiness of all educated people.Moreover,the family is the basic unit of society,the initial place for individuals to learn interpersonal interaction and socialization,and the most direct and closest microenvironment that affects children’s psychological development.Based on the data of CEPS in the academic year of 2013~2014,this paper analyses five short-term emotional values of students by factor analysis and extracts common factors as indicators to measure their subjective wellbeing;and then uses a fixed-effect model to analyze the relationship between family education level(father’s education level,mother’s education level and their interaction)and children’s subjective well-being.It is found that either parent’s higher education level has a negative effect on their children’s subjective well-being.Although the interaction item has a positive effect on their children’s subjective well-being,the ultimate effect of both parents’higher education level intensifies their inhibition on their children’s subjective well-being.Finally,based on the family level,this paper proposes that parents should improve their children’s happiness by establishing a scientific education concept,creating a pleasant and harmonious family atmosphere,helping children to build a correct social cognitive system and encouraging their development interests and hobbies.