理性的救赎与浪漫主义机体论——卡莱尔理性观研究

The Redemption of Reason and Romantic Organicism: A Study of the Conception of Reason of Carlyle

卡莱尔的理性观,具有一段独特的发展史。三个各具特色的阶段,可以从中区分出来。第一阶段的理性观以逻辑的运作为主要内容,具有强烈的启蒙特征。康德的哲学思想,特别是《纯粹理性批评》中的理性学说是第二阶段理性观的主要来源。第三阶段建立在卡莱尔本人的认识资源基础之上,主要特征在于将浪漫主义机体论纳入认识领域。相关研究传统因为缺乏整体认识,故强调德国思想内容,而忽视浪漫主义因素。将卡莱尔的理性观作为一个发展的过程进行解读,不但可以深化对于理性观本身的理解,还可以展示卡莱尔早年的精神发展历程,以及他与时代思想之间的互文关系。

Carlyle's conception of reason is a process of development. From it,three stages,particular per se,are extricable. The main idea of his conception,in the first stage,consists in the operation of logic,and is imbued with the characteristics of Enlightenment. The second conception is,in the main,derived from the philosophy of Kant,especially from his doctrines of reason in Kritik der reinen Vernunt. The third conception is founded upon the basis of Carlyle's own resources of epistemology,the characteristics of which lie in the introduction of romantic organicism into the domain of knowing. The critical tradition in concern,however,and lack of the recognition of the totality of such a process,leads to the emphasization of the German thoughts and the negligence of the Romantic elements. A reading of Carlyle's conception of reason as a process can not only deepen the understanding of it,but may also exhibit the spiritual growth of Carlyle in his early years,and the contextual relation between him and intellectual environment in which he finds himself.