21世纪美国州立大学通识教育发展趋向研究

A Study on the Development Trend of General Education in American State Universities since the 21st Century

21世纪以来,美国州立大学采取了一系列策略来改革与发展其通识教育。这些策略包括制定"跨文化、科学素养、道德的生活"等明确的通识教育培养目标;通过部分、分阶段和整体等方式整合通识教育课程资源;基于课程、项目、研究等途径加强"体验式"的通识教育学习方式;采用基于证据的电子档案袋评估、基于数据的综合评估和基于本科教育的融合评估等加强对通识教育质量的评估。由此可见,通识教育在本科教育中的地位日益重要,采取综合与多元的改革取向、展开专门的质量评估并出具质量报告等是其重要的发展趋向。

Since the 21 st century, American state universities have taken a series of strategies to reform and develop their general education. These strategies include formulating clear training objectives of general education such as cross-cultural, scientific literacy and moral life, integrating curriculum resources of general education through partial, phased and holistic approaches, strengthening "experiential" learning mode of general education through curriculum, project and research and so on, adopting evidence-based electronic portfolio assessment, databased comprehensive assessment, undergraduate education-based integrative evaluation to evaluate the quality of general education. Thus, general education is playing an increasingly important role in undergraduate education,and its important development trend is integration and diversification, carrying out special quality assessment and issuing quality reports.