早期应用益生菌对新生儿过敏性疾病的预防作用

Preventive effect of early application of probiotics on neonatal allergic diseases

目的探讨早期应用益生菌对新生儿过敏性疾病的预防作用。方法选取2017年11月-2018年6月于华北理工大学附属医院产科出生的新生儿200例,根据分娩方式分为A组(自然分娩)与B组(剖宫产),各100例。将A组新生儿随机分为A1组、A2组,各50例。将B组新生儿随机分为B1组、B2组,各50例。A1组、B1组新生儿出生后第3天添加益生菌制剂并服用7 d;A2组、B2组新生儿出生后正常喂养。比较4组新生儿6个月内特应性皮炎(AD)发病率、AD特应性皮炎积分(SCORAD)评分及粪便中双歧杆菌数量。结果(1)B2组新生儿AD发病率高于A2、B1组、A1组(P<0.05)。A1组与A2组、A1组与B1组AD发病率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。(2)A1组、B1组新生儿AD SCORAD评分低于A2、B2组;A1组、A2组新生儿AD SCORAD评分低于B1组、B2组(P<0.05)。(3)出生后10、28 d,A1、B1组粪便中双歧杆菌数量高于A2、B2组;出生后3 d,A1、A2组粪便中双歧杆菌数量高于B1、B2组;出生后10、28 d,A1、A2组粪便中双歧杆菌数量高于B2组(P<0.05)。结论自然分娩并早期应用益生菌可减少AD的发生,缓解临床症状,增加新生儿肠道内益生菌数量,有利于预防过敏性疾病,从而增强新生儿免疫力。

Objective To investigate the preventive effect of early application of probiotics on neonatal allergic diseases.Methods A total of 200 cases of newborns were selected from November 2017 to June 2018 in the Department of Obstetrics,North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital,which were divided into A group(natural delivery)and B group(cesarean section)according to the mode of delivery 100 case in each group.A Group was randomly divided into A1 group and A2 group,50 cases in each group.B group was randomly divided into B1 group and B2 group,50 cases in each group.The probiotics were added to A1 group and B1 group on the 3 rd day after birth and taken for 7 days.The A2 group and B2 group were fed normally after birth.The incidence of AD,AD SCORAD score,and number of bifidobacteria in feces within 6 months were compared in the 4 groups.Results(1)The incidence rate of AD in B2 group was higher than A2 group,B1 group,A1 group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the incidence rate of AD in A1 group,A2 group,A1 group or B1 group(P>0.05).(2)The SCORAD scores of newborns in A1 group and B1 group were lower than A2 group and B2 group;the scores of AD SCORAD in A1 group and A2 group were lower than B1 group and B2 group(P<0.05).(3)The number of bifidobacteria in feces of A1 group and B1 group was higher than A2 group and B2 group at 10 and 28 days after birth;the number of bifidobacteria in feces of A1 and A2 group was higher than B1 and B2 group at 3 days after birth;the number of bifidobacteria in feces of A1 group A2 group was higher than B2 group at 10 and 28 days after birth(P<0.05).Conclusion Natural delivery and early application of probiotics can reduce the occurrence of AD,relieve clinical symptoms,increase the number of probiotics in the intestine of newborns,and actively prevent allergic diseases,thereby enhancing neonatal immunity.