我国网络教育政策变迁的多源流理论阐释

The Changes of China’s Online Education Policy:Based on the Multiple Streams Theory

我国网络教育政策相继经历以组织建设和能力建设性政策为主,初步构建网络教育政策体系;以强制规范性政策为主,基本形成网络教育政策体系;引导性和能力建设性政策并举,创新发展网络教育政策体系的三阶段变迁历程。运用多源流理论探寻网络教育政策变迁机理发现,问题源流凸显网络教育待解决问题的变化,提供变迁的合理性基础;政治源流中国家战略的转变,营造变迁的良好政治环境;政策源流汇聚政策共同体的建言献策并促使政策制定者采纳,形成变迁的合法性依据。时下,应统筹规划、分层次完善网络教育政策体系,保障网络教育制度供给;细化网络教育政策微观内容,彰显网络教育政策对现实问题的观照;推动网络教育政策价值取向从“成事”向“成人”回归,以立德树人、规范管理促进网络教育内涵式发展。

China's online educational policy has experienced changes in three stages: the preliminarily-constructed system for the online education policy based on the policies focusing on organizational construction and capability construction;the basic system for the online education policy based on the policy focusing on compulsory standards;and the innovative system for the online education policy based on the policies focusing on guidance and capability improvement. The changes of the online education policy based on the theory of multiple sources reveal that the source of the problems highlights the changing problems to be solved about online education and offers a rational basis for the changes;the changing national strategies in the political source help create a good, changing political environment;and the source of the policies gathers the strategies of the policy community, urges policy-makers to adopt the policies, and offers a legitimate basis for the changes. At present, we should make overall planning and improve the system of the online education policy at different levels to ensure the supply of the system for online education;specify the online educational policy to make it reflect real problems;and make the online educational policy return to "people-orientation" from "things-orientation," and promote the connotative development of online education by means of molding high morals, cultivating talents based on people orientation, and standardizing management.