景宁县居民健康素养调查与影响因素分析

Health literacy survey of residents in Jingning County of Zhejiang Province and its influencing factors

目的了解居民健康素养现状和变化趋势,分析居民健康素养影响因素,为政府和卫生行政部门制定健康教育与健康促进政策、策略和措施提供科学参考依据。方法采用分层多阶段随机抽样方法,抽取1 260名15~69周岁的常住居民,采用《全国居民健康素养监测调查问卷》入户调查。结果景宁县居民健康素养水平为15.96%,通过加权调整后素养水平为17.83%。其中城市居民为29.17%,农村居民为16.57%;女性为17.33%,男性为18.48%。居民3个方面的健康素养水平分别为基本知识和理念32.25%,健康生活方式与行为15.58%,基本技能24.83%;居民具备6类健康问题素养水平由高到低依次为:科学健康观素养45.58%,安全与急救素养40.58%,健康信息素养29.75%,基本医疗素养26.75%,慢性病防治素养23.33%,传染病防治素养16.92%。结论景宁县居民健康素养水平较低,应以农村地区为重点地区,以学生、低学历者和老年人为重点人群,以健康生活方式与行为和传染病防治等为重点领域开展健康教育工作,提高居民的健康素养水平。

Objective To explore the status quo and changing trends of residents’ health literacy, to analyze the influencing factors, and to provide scientific references for health education and health promotion policies, strategies and measures formulated by the government and health administrative departments. Methods Stratified multi-stage random sampling method was used to select 1 260 residents aged 15~69 years old for a household survey with Questionnaire on National Residents’ Health Literacy Monitoring. Results The health literacy level of Jingning residents was 15.96%, and the literacy level was 17.83% after weighted adjustment. The literacy levels of urban residents, rural residents, females and males were 29.17%, 16.57%, 17.33% and 18.48%, respectively. The health literacy levels of residents in three aspects were 32.25% for basic knowledge and concept, 15.58% for healthy lifestyle and behavior, and 24.83% for basic skills, respectively. The six indexes of health literacy of residents ranking from high to low were the literacies of scientific health view(45.58%), safety and first aid(40.58%), health information(26.75%), chronic disease prevention(23.33%), and infectious disease prevention(16.92%).Conclusions The health literacy level of residents in Jingning County is relatively low. In order to improve the health literacy of residents, it is necessary to carry out health education with rural areas as key regions, students, less-educated people and elderly people as target groups, and healthy lifestyle, behavior and prevention of infectious diseases as major contents.