从英国脱欧透视欧洲的社会与政治分裂

Brexit: A Reflection of the Social and Political Divisions in Europe

英国于2017年3月正式启动脱欧进程。英国脱欧在一定程度上源于欧洲的多重困境,它反过来又成了欧洲遇到的危机之一。英国脱欧像一面镜子,它清晰地反映了英国自身和整个欧洲普遍存在的一些社会和政治问题:在社会领域,由于贫富差距拉大、社会不平等日益加剧,社会共识逐渐破裂;在政治领域,党派利益凌驾于国家利益之上,同时,政党政治的极端化现象日趋严重,共识政治几乎难以维系。而在欧盟层面,英国脱欧反映了成员国离心力的增强,同时也凸显并有可能进一步加剧成员国之间的分歧。

The UK formally launched the Brexit process in March 2017. Brexit, to some degree, originates from the multiple difficulties facing Europe, and in return it has become one of the crises that Europe has to deal with. Brexit has clearly reflected some of the social and political issues that the UK and other European countries are confronted with. In the social field, the widened wealth gap and increasing inequality has led to the breaking of social consensus, while in the political field, because the interests of political parties prevail over national interests and the polarization of party politics expands, it is almost impossible to maintain political consensus. At last, Brexit reflects the enhanced decentralization force at the EU level, which has highlighted and will probably exacerbate the differences among the EU member states.