双元性创新与企业竞争地位——来自中国上市企业的经验数据

Ambidextrous Innovation and Firm Competitive Position:Empirical Evidence from Listed Companies in China

文章基于组织二元性理论、资源基础理论,探究了双元性创新与企业竞争地位的关系以及冗余资源的权变影响,并以2009-2015年我国上市企业为样本进行了实证分析。研究显示:探索式创新对企业竞争地位的影响具有"拐点效应",呈正"U"型,利用式创新促进了企业竞争地位的提升;双元性创新的互补性降低了企业竞争地位,而平衡性则对企业竞争地位的提升产生了积极影响;财务冗余强化了双元性创新对企业竞争地位的促进作用,并能缓解利用式创新的负效应;人力资源冗余弱化了探索式创新对企业竞争地位的积极效应,但对利用式创新与企业竞争地位的关系却未表现出显著影响。统计结果在基于勒纳指数年度行业排名的面板排序模型和一阶差分模型中依然保持稳健。进一步分析发现,探索式创新与双元性创新互补性的积极作用具有"时滞效应",利用式创新及双元性创新平衡性之积极影响存在差异化的效应周期。

Ambidextrous innovation of the enterprise can not only maintain the continuity of the existing business model and stabilize current income,but also enhance the long-term competitiveness of the enterprise and improve future earnings. In this paper,we analyze the relationship between ambidextrous innovation and competitive position of enterprises and the impact of slack resources on it,based on the theories of organizational ambidexterity and resource-based. On this basis,we test the relationship among the three variables by a sample of Listed Companies in China over the past 2009-2015 years.The results show that( 1) there is a U-shaped relationship between exploratory innovation and the competitive position of enterprises. That is,there is a threshold for this relationship. The relationship will change from negative to positive,when the degree of the effect of exploratory innovation on the competitive position of the enterprise exceeds the threshold. The exploitative innovation has a positive impact on the competitive position of enterprises.( 2) The interactivity of ambidextrous innovation reduces competitive position,while its balance has a positive impact on the competitive position.( 3)Financial slack strengthens the role of ambidextrous innovation in promoting the competitive position of enterprises and alleviates the negative effect of exploitative innovation;Human resource slack weakens the positive effect of exploratory innovation on the competitive position,while there’s no significant effect on the relationship between exploitative innovation and the competitive position of enterprises.( 4) Further analysis found that,the positive role of exploratory innovation and the interactivity of ambidextrous innovation has the "time-lag effect ", and the positive influence of exploitative innovation and the balance of ambidextrous innovation has different effect cycles. The statistical results remain robust by the test of panel ranking model based on the annual industry ranking of the Lerner Index and the first difference model. Finally,some enlightenment is put forward from the above research conclusions,Managers should( a) grasp the " time lag effect" or effect cycle of positive benefits of exploratory innovation and exploitative innovation.( b) cultivate tw o important innovation matching models actively-the interactivity and balance of ambidextrous innovation.( c) define of slack resources of the enterprises,maintain moderate non-sedimentary slack resources and reduce sedimentary slack resources.The contributions of this research include,firstly,this paper combines ambidextrous innovation and competitive position of enterprise into the same research framework for the first time,which constructs a "bridge"between the theories of organizational ambidexterity and resource-based,that enriches the outcome variables of ambidextrous innovation. Secondly,this paper examines the contingency effect on the relationship between ambidextrous innovation and competitive position of enterprises by introducing slack resources as a key driving factor of enterprise behavior,thus clarifying the applicable boundary of the relationship model. Thirdly,through examining the effect cycle of ambidextrous innovation,and re-examines the relationship among ambidextrous innovation,slack resources and competitive position of enterprises,this paper clarifies the periodic law of the effect of different innovation modes.