美英澳政府数据开放隐私保护政策法规的考察与借鉴

The Study and Reference of Privacy Protection Policies and Regulations in Opening Government Data of the US,the UK and Australia

美英澳三国政府数据开放隐私保护的政策法规设计走在世界前列且成效显著,对其进行系统考察可为我国提供有益借鉴。文章运用文献分析法和比较分析法,对美英澳政府数据开放隐私保护的政策法规进行系统梳理与分析。美英澳政府数据开放隐私保护的政策法规不仅确切界定了个人隐私相关概念,明确了政府数据开放隐私保护专门机构的职能,而且确立了政府数据开放隐私保护的政府义务性原则、个人权利性原则和豁免原则,构建了政府数据开放隐私保护的政府职责机制、隐私影响评估机制、多元合作机制和公民参与机制。借鉴其有益经验,我国可在出台隐私保护法、设置隐私保护机构和构建隐私保护机制等方面着手,为政府数据开放隐私保护提供可靠的政策法规支持。

The privacy protection policies and regulations in opening government data of American, British and Australia are leading the world and have achieved remarkable results, which can provide some useful experience reference for China. This paper makes a systematic and comprehensive study of the privacy protection policies and regulations in opening government data of American , British and Australian by means of literature analysis and comparative analysis. The privacy protection policies and regulations in opening government data of American, British and Australia has clearly defined the concept of personal privacy, set up a special privacy protection agency in opening government data and defined its functions, established a number of principles of government accountability, principles of individual rights and exemption principles about privacy protection in opening government data, built government responsibility mechanism, the impact assessment mechanism, multivariate cooperation mechanism and the citizen participation mechanism for the implementation of privacy protection in opening government data. Drawing on the experience of the US, the UK and Australia, China should formulate the basic law of individual privacy protection, set up a special privacy protection agency, and focus on the construction of the mechanism of privacy protection, so as to provide reliable policies and regulations support for privacy protection in opening government data.