指示性范畴论:以生物符号学为起点

On Classification of Indexicality:Taking Biosemiotics as a Starting Point

指示性具有如下特征:从符号与对象的关系而言,它是直接指出对象、与对象之间是连续的;从空间性而言,它是方向性的;从符号与主体的关系而言,它是动力性的,尤其是身体驱动性的;从逻辑关系而言,它是因果性、秩序性、类别化的。指示性并非直到符号主体对对象进行范畴判断时才出现,而是在对象以"最低完整形式"呈现在主体视阈中时,也就是现象学所称之"共现"阶段时就已经出现。不仅如此,由于身体在生理性符号过程中的卷入,这一过程的指示性还表现在符号主体对对象的时空位置预判和随即的身体反应上。指示性可以分为指示性基础、指示性范畴和指示性趋向三个范畴。然而,更为重要的是,在指示性的三分之中,人类独有的符形能力和元符号能力,使得后两种指示性超越了生物符号活动的层面,在文化艺术的符号过程中得到了发展和提升,并揭示了人类作为符号学动物的独特性。

Indexicality has following features: As for the relation between signs and objects, it directly points to the latter and therefore there is continuity between the two;As for the relation between signs and the semiotic subject, it is body-oriented;From spatiality, it is directedness;From logic, it is causal and categorized. Indexicality occurs not only in categorization, but also in appresentation. As body is involved in bio-semiosis, indexicality also occurs in the spatial-temporal predication as well as the bodily reaction by the subject. Indexicality, therefore, could be classified into indexical background, indexical categorization, and indexical orientation, and such a model falls into the trichotomy of Peircean semiotics.It is pointed out that the syntactic and meta-semiotic ability enables human further develop the latter two kinds of indexicality in cultural and artistic semiosis and reveal the uniqueness of human as semiotic animals.