秦山核电基地放射性废物最小化技术实践与探讨

Practice and research on minimization of radioactive waste amounts in Qinshan Nuclear Power Plant

介绍了秦山核电基地在放射性废物最小化方面的实践。包括建立了蒸汽发生器排污树脂和通风过滤器金属框架清洁解控工作流程;改进了水泥固化线工艺,水泥固化包装容器采用金属桶代替水泥桶;开发了废过滤器芯子暂存衰变法分类处理及一桶装多芯方案;开发了技术废物“三明治”式废物装桶和超级压实提高外包装容器效率等最小化实践。对废液、废树脂、技术废物、有机废液等处理技术进行了比较分析,建议采用废液蒸干压实技术、废树脂蒸汽重整技术、可燃废物和有机废液焚烧技术,预计秦山核电基地废物产生量可由541m^3/a减至约94m^3/a。

The practices of radioactive waste minimization in Qinshan Nuclear Power Base are introduced, including the clearance flowcharts of spent resins from steam generators and metal frameworks of ventilation filters, improvements on their cementation processes, package containers using metal drums to replace original cement drums. The development of some minimizing measures are also introduced , for example, the storage-decay method and multi-in?one drum method for wet spent filters treatment. The drum filling process with a "Sandwich" type mode and super compaction is also used to improve the utilization efficiency of packaging containers. Comparative analyses for treatment technologies of concentrates, spent resins, technological wastes, organic liquid wastes are accomplished and recommendations are provided , for example, drying compaction for concentrate wastes, steam reforming for spent resins, incineration for combustible wastes and organic liquid wastes, etc. The total waste amount is expected to reduce from 541 m^3/a approximately to 94 m^3/a in Qinshan Nuclear Power Base.