我国金融借贷法律关系中的自然人保证制度——以自然人保证的书面要式规范为视角

Private Guarantee Device for Financial Loan Legal Relations in China: From the Perspective of the Writing Requirement for Private Guarantees

自然人保证制度是补充借款人信用的重要制度。由于保证的特殊属性和自然人的特性,确保当事人审慎判断的制度设计非常重要,其中就包括保证合同的书面要式规范问题。我国现行保证制度对自然人保证人的保护力度较弱,其保证的书面要式规范也存在诸多问题,应遵循我国《担保法》及有关法律规范关于保证合同书面形式规定的立法宗旨,借鉴域外相关立法经验,强化保证合同的书面要式规范。针对自然人保证合同违反书面要式性的效力问题,应从完善电子合同保证书面方式、金融借贷保证合同的书面要件与自然人保证人的签章等方面,进一步完善我国自然人保证制度的书面要式规范。

Guarantee is an important device to supplement borrowers'credibility.Due to the special nature of guarantee and natural persons,it is important to design a system that can ensure the parties acting with prudence.This includes the writing requirement for guarantee agreements,as it has warning and preventive functions.In China,the current system of guarantee is insufficient to protect private guarantors,especially when it comes to writing as a requirement for the guarantees to be valid legal acts.In this regard,there should be compliance with the purpose of the Guarantee Law and its relevant regulations,and borrowings from foreign legislatures,to strengthen the writing requirement for guarantee agreements. On this basis,the article attempts to analyze the problems of effects,such as invalidity arising from violation of writing requirement, the cure by performance rule,the interpretation of vacuum in guarantee agreements.From the angles of improvement of the writing requirement for e-contracts,financial loan guarantee agreements,and signatures from private guarantors, it proposes a reinforcement of writing requirement to improve the system of private guarantee in China.