自闭症个体与性有关不当行为及干预策略的研究综述

An Overview of the Research into Autistic Individuals’ Inappropriate Sexual Behavior and the Intervention Strategies

本研究聚焦于自闭症个体与性有关不当行为的表现、原因及干预策略,对国内外研究现状进行了梳理,以期为自闭症个体与性有关不当行为的干预提供建议,并基于此提升他们的生活质量。结果发现,自闭症个体与性有关不当行为的具体表现有三种导向:自我导向、他人导向和物体导向,并与个体智力水平和社会技能发展关系密切;行为发生的原因有:个体认知与心理发展水平的限制、感知与刺激体验的异常、经验与社会交往技能的不足等。现有的干预研究证据确定性水平较低,常用的干预方法有基于应用行为分析的支持、借助认知改变或社会故事培养适当行为、通过药物治疗调节个体生理水平等策略。

This study aims to explore autistic individuals’ inappropriate sexual behavior, as well as its causes and intervention strategies, based on an overview of the present research at home and abroad. The results show the following: Autistic individuals’ inappropriate sexual behavior includes self-oriented, others-oriented and object-orientated behaviors, which are closely related with individuals’ intelligence and social skills;and the reasons for their inappropriate sexual behavior include the limitations of individual cognition and psychological development, abnormal perceptions and stimulations, and lack of experience and social communication skills. The existing study of interventions lacks certainty, and the common interventions are the support based on applied behavior analysis, the use of cognitive changes or social events to develop appropriate behavior, and the regulation of individuals’ physiological levels through drug therapies.