违反选择法院协议的损害赔偿救济——以欧盟布鲁塞尔体系为视角

On the Damages Remedy for Breach of Choice-of-Court Agreements: From the Perspective of the EU Brussels Regime

对违反选择法院协议的情形适用损害赔偿救济的做法,萌芽并发展于以英国为代表的少数国家。这一救济措施有利于保障选择法院协议的有效性,符合现代国际民商事诉讼制度在协议管辖问题上的发展趋势。然而,损害赔偿救济在国际范围内的广泛采纳和适用也面临着选择法院协议性质界定上的法理障碍、解决经典国际私法问题和实体法技术性问题以及国际礼让原则与既判力原则的挑战。在欧盟布鲁塞尔区域统一民商事诉讼体系中,这种依赖和强调多边司法合作的制度框架所要求的各成员国法院相互信任原则,以及各成员国法院应承认与执行其他成员国法院判决的义务,也对损害赔偿救济在违反选择法院协议上的适用构成了难以忽视的法律障碍。

The awarding damages for breach of choice-of-court agreements is a newly developed practice in the common law countries. It can strengthen the validity of choice-of-court agreements and thereby falls in line with the unmistakable trend of upholding party autonomy in modern international civil litigation. However, the universal recognition and adoption of this remedy may be faced with the challenges of coordinating this remedy with the underlying nature of the choice-of-court agreements in the relevant legal system,resolving classic private international law problems and substantive technical difficulties as well as the potential conflict with the principle of comity and res judicata. under the EU Brussels jurisdiction and judgments regime, a system which heavily relies on the multilateral judicial cooperation by its member states, the all-important mutual trust principle and the obligation to respect other member states’ judgments could also prove to be inescapable obstacles for the application of the damages remedy on the EU level.