母乳喂养系统化管理对住院早产儿实施母乳喂养效果的影响

Effect of systematic management of breastfeeding on breast feeding in hospitalized preterm infants

目的观察母乳喂养系统化管理对住院早产儿实施母乳喂养效果的影响。方法将2016年1~12月在河北省秦皇岛市妇幼保健院(以下简称“我院”)产科生产的早产儿77例,采取常规母乳喂养与产后日常管理,设置为对照组;将2017年1~12月于我院生产的早产儿79例,采用母乳喂养系统化管理,设置为观察组。比较两组早产儿母乳喂养情况、并发症发生情况、生长发育情况,及产妇管理前后焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)评分。结果观察组首次母乳喂养日龄明显少于对照组,1周时母乳喂养率高于对照组,1周时母乳量明显多于对照组,2周时母乳喂养率明显高于对照组,2周时母乳量明显多于对照组,住院期间纯母乳喂养率明显高于对照组,两组间比较差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.05或P < 0.01)。观察组住院期间早产儿并发症发生率明显低于对照组,差异有高度统计学意义(P < 0.01)。观察组早产儿住院期间身长增长、体重增长、头围增长幅度明显高于对照组,差异均有高度统计学意义(P < 0.01)。入院时,两组产妇SAS、SDS评分比较差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。出院前,两组产妇SAS、SDS评分明显低于入院时,且观察组产妇SAS、SDS评分明显低于对照组,差异有高度统计学意义(P < 0.01)。结论在住院早产儿中,实施母乳喂养系统化管理,可明显提升纯母乳喂养率,增加产妇母乳量,降低早产儿住院期间并发症的发生率,提高早产儿生长发育速度,减少产妇产后发生焦虑、抑郁的不良心理状态,效果理想。

Objective To observe the effect of systematic management of breastfeeding on breast feeding in hospitalized preterm infants. Methods A total of 77 premature infants delivered in obstetrics department of Qinhuangdao Maternal and Child Health Hospital in Hebei Province ("our hospital" for short) from January to December 2016 was selected as control group, routine breastfeeding and postpartum routine management were used in control group, 79 premature infants delivered in our hospital from January to December 2017 were selected as observation group, systematic management of breastfeeding was used in observation group. The breastfeeding, complications, growth and development of premature infants were compared between two groups. The self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) and self-rating depression scale (SDS) scores before and after maternal management were compared between two groups. Results The first breastfeeding age of observation group was significantly less than that of control group, the breastfeeding rate at 1 week of observation group was higher than that of control group, the amount of breast milk at 1 week of observation group was significantly more than that of control group, the breastfeeding rate at 2 weeks of observation group was significantly higher than that of control group, the amount of breast milk at 2 weeks of observation group was significantly more than that of control group, and the rate of exclusive breastfeeding in observation group was significantly higher than that in control group during hospitalization. There were significant differences between two groups (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). The incidence rate of complications of premature infants during hospitalization in observation group was significantly lower than that in control group, the difference was highly statistically significant (P < 0.01). The growth of length, weight and head circumference of preterm infants in observation group were significantly higher than those in control group during hospitalization, the differences were highly statistically significant (P < 0.01). At admission, there was no significant difference in SAS and SDS scores between two groups (P > 0.05). Before discharge, SAS and SDS scores of parturients in two groups were significantly lower than those at admission, the scores of SAS and SDS in observation group were significantly lower than those in control group, the differences were highly statistically significant (P < 0.01). Conclusion Systematic management of breastfeeding in hospitalized premature infants can significantly improve the rate of exclusive breastfeeding, increase the amount of breast milk, reduce the complications of premature infants during hospitalization, improve the growth and development of premature infants, and reduce the anxiety and depression of postpartum women.