基于GIS的云南泸水市生态安全评价

Ecological security evaluation of Lushui County based on GIS

云南省泸水市位于“三江并流”的世界自然遗产地,是中国香格里拉生态旅游区的重要组成部分,近年来由于各种原因导致其生态环境恶化,需要对泸水市开展生态安全评价,以为泸水市生态保护工作提供参考。从研究区主要的生态问题、人类干扰、自然要素角度,构建了该区生态安全评价指标体系,综合运用层次分析法、熵值法和GIS空间分析技术对泸水市进行了区域生态安全评价。结果表明:泸水市平均生态安全指数为41.95,总体处于较安全水平;空间上,以怒江为轴线,沿怒江呈现出南北向带状分布特征,东西向以怒江为界,越接近怒江,生态安全水平越低,呈现一定的对称分布规律;不安全区与居民点的空间分布呈现一致性。以上结果说明:人类活动对生态安全的影响较大;组成生态不安全的区域中,耕地面积最大,超过了50%,其次为未利用地、建设用地;泸水市总体生态安全状况最好的乡镇为片马镇。

Lushui County is located in source area of Changjiang River, Lancang River and Nujiang River, which is an important part of the Shangri-La ecological tourism zone. In recent years, due to various reasons, its ecological environment has deteriorated. Ecological security evaluation can provide reference for the ecological environment protection in Lushui County. Based on the major ecological problems, human interference and natural elements in the study area,we constructed an ecological security evaluation index system. Analytic hierarchy process, entropy method and GIS were adopted to evaluate the regional ecological security. The average eco-safety index of the study area is 41.95 generally in a relatively safe level. Taking the Nujiang River as an axis, a north-south zonal distribution appears along the river, while on the east-west direction;the closer the location to the Nujiang River, the lower the level of ecological security is, following a symmetrical distribution pattern. The insecure areas and residential areas follow a similar spatial distribution, which shows that human activities have a greater impact on ecological security. The area of cultivated land is the largest among insecure areas, taking up more than 50% of the area, followed by unused land and construction land. Pianma Town is a township in Lushui County with the best overall ecological security level.