东干语的传承现状及影响因素

The Situation and Influencing Factors of Inheritance of Donggan Language

东干族源于中国回族,东干语是东干族所使用的语言。东干语经历了百余年境外变迁,迄今仍比较完好地保留了晚清西北方言的特点,具有重要的历史和语言学价值。因此,关注其传承和发展至关重要。文章从社群关系、教育状况、传播媒介、文学创作等方面廓清东干语当前的发展现状,并从传承主体(母语者)、客体(传承语,即东干语)、社会环境三个方面分析影响东干语传承的因素。研究表明,在语言接触的过程中,东干人已经完成了向双语、多语的过渡,一少部分人完全转用其他语言,东干语正逐步走向濒危语言,而作为汉语西北方言的境外变体,东干语或可从汉语中寻求促进其传承和发展的动力及养分。

Donggan language is the language of the Donggan people.Donggan language has experienced changes abroad for more than one hundred years,but still retains the characteristics of northwest dialect of late Qing Dynasty,which has important historical and linguistic value.Therefore,it is very important to pay attention to its inheritance and development.This paper clarifies the current development status of Donggan language from the aspects of community relations,education status,communication media and literary creation,and analyzes the factors affecting the inheritance of Donggan language from three aspects: the subject (native speaker),the object (heritage language,namely Donggan language) and social environment.The study found that in the process of language contact,Donggan people have completed the transition to bilingual and multilingualism,and a small number of people have completely switched to other languages.Donggan language is gradually moving toward endangered language,and the study also concluded that Donggan language may seek the impetus and nutrient from Chinese to promote its inheritance and development.